@Dם. ~37h j @Dם. ~37h j @Dם. ~37h j @Dם. ~37h j +D%85xQgqQ&}W od6n#oq9=m`5,pf!+h*_)%t[5+`!?!DIAGRAM ( white has a tactical point available, an idea which when pursuedwins him the game )( the bQ has very nearly run out of squares to defend e8 from... )uׁ!:Eչ.}z5W״? 1ĈUgen\ Y2!'CuKDIAGRAM overlooking...א mS͉&,睒OZ/N\k) BqMz`{G~jb]pJiEvAlYrWwN}LvDYQyspjDIAGRAMaV<\ً[Bޚ?4맹[JцMʉW 5!VamеJ.)L\}D Is1!DIAGRAM1-0 the Nf6 is overloadedwins a piece, because ifa painful discoverysܐ׳$MʇS FēW I֍KF MۃY 1J+Jㅹ`P SwDIAGRAM ( has black just lost a piece? )sPײ Q&5Tଜ#ohmd\`\r3 ˔2 ^ts̹v*qF]+L≰DIAGRAM ( black to play and mate in two )uׂ'A˃ Z̚YDDלKF MۃYjB7z{RLDIAGRAM plausible, but...s!Mveށ?郃C6deł-BD+olɇ' 4՘UqhXV &6]{|DIAGRAM this is a horrible blunder, but white has been getting in more andmore of a messu\ײ'EьJ U[ۀ^DAۍKF MۃY 6˄Iifv6:BԋakÞDIAGRAM resigns??and Black survives!u׳#%"5~jjo\`\r3 ˔2/.??DIAGRAM looks sufficient, but...1-0u]׻*@S.!r.v҉m JNd%:|+ P/1 2DIAGRAMa beginner's blunders\נ<-[ن\ MēW I֍KF MۃY kC:0_rσOL #kt^nJDIAGRAM ( white to play and win )( black resigns )sj$WJG+B Di;ne_ ~1I )A.7~ .\,R삮}E&DIAGRAM ( white resigns - why? )( so white has to lose a piece with 11 Ne4 )bB7 XAÅ!'eہtipvNkF aT79ZpА) #şjb 6h›JgT,Kd暬mR6,Ryua?7SuÆD>$DIAGRAM ?? ( black to play and win )??( I hadn't noticed that this stopped the mate on f7 when playing move 20 )( Draw agreed after tea: I had only 15 minutes to make move 40. I did thinkwhite might be better ( 2B + central control ) although ...Nd4 can't be metby Bxd4. To make use of the Pg6 I'd have to exchange at least queens +/-BB/RR )'¬ם+SF†!%xD2ej3M#bPᯢʎ5&z جysٔ# ˠB #A$~;~ю> JX nq#|< H@1U/{;1AtDIAGRAM ( white pins the knight against the bishop on g7, but... )u׵"%ڏnl;KJ8Mf;snI݅8,ڟ$5135,±<`.)DIAGRAM what has Black overlooked?sT׺$%4ܙȑ}p|lsX}_PVc>c2 ;H*QvX-DDIAGRAM ( black to play and win )bT3=.񰘅0u_{*ਕ? zrW;02KrlKQ,'$Qjԅ .-5dH KcQ@06-YI{`Ѐ.Mcl_RY71Ro|}r$Ǐ^zI<D!hg ϖ<7t{kzyX˘?ԯ_yؙ;( reserving the ...Ba6 line )( or 7 d5 )= polugaevsky-korchnoi 1980bco/eco! pachman+= bco! =+ pachman+= bco+= bco/eco! = pachman! = pachman?! ( building for e4 looked like the only sensible plan for white )( if Bxd4, b5! )?! ( allows ...Nxd4 attacking the queen and thus forestalling Bxb7 in reply )( I offered a draw here. White had been moving with a lot of speed andconfidence, while I was trying to reconstruct some half-remembered theory.MK has recently won the Paignton congress, with grade = 178! so disdainedoffer )DIAGRAM ( this looks like a useful intermezzo, but what has white overlooked?)u%CAOċ~+uׂEqit3CV2Q >[=[lEKQ?DIAGRAM??this was also the course of eales-de veauce, 1968!s Q!W Ea>vkI/s8K )ZDz?lg@ąn7~\ H`qçl< |CE4A|#DIAGRAM ( white has been a bit to anxious to force things - black now has aforcing line of his own )&ܜאK~v )7K{`ŗ/HD, Gg$ۍ" 6}]Gr$+oGIe5?\]t3k"k}Ic*iPNk %VDIAGRAMaא(qBsev?UXV)SFϲ͗ubfއz5#vM QN|&@ӲdQNnDIAGRAMs׺"PFă 8:ڇPsbm#JV2Q 1:/pz[|<CDIAGRAM ( white to play and win )bH״#]^Qfbâﯚѡ\NN2 7i/y[Ҏ!o<ڟK, :"tOJv1FDIAGRAM ( white to play and win )s݉![Ӛ,2ÑMZ/NOm1 ,ĜGsaxK[0=;Z}߅DIAGRAM "even the laziest king flees wildly in the face of double check" -nimzovich5Y׭$@V߿㤆lj%0:ďX|gf9D%Q R[}3WrZwDIAGRAM ( hasty! )( pretty to watch )+k;r:"= NLj-N\˅km 2Kƫ>v)snPgTB Wt: 4~9SC[os jR_ bv1DqQ{UbC=@qQ~0Y~B}J^uǰI mI/<%MaguFY%77 f9*yCC3[ 05'5eV0^9cK+&GCv٢YJsL; DxrO(3MDIAGRAMDIAGRAM a nice intermediate checkescapes from the pins with the initiative and better piece positions? afraid of ghostsaccurately simplifyingDIAGRAMdoesn't just defend the piece, but starts to eye the White KingWhite, who hoped to attack, errs in his defenceBlack has induced a loosening of the King positionand White is bouncing backWhite has nothing lefts[!X^S8l侱N3M*e6 4܏DkzmzW$*>J ~)DIAGRAM ( white counterattacks on g7, but black can win simply )0-1 ׂ̏=r;FLJj/Ob5m*QЃ)r*ꈕ jK$:|-XY\EB sR) 4?k,DWYv(dqH''f9GGDv&{oO1DIAGRAM ( white to play )sױ!Nۋ 7.@_"ZE|1 1ĎBr~]E%#.@}JDIAGRAM ( what has white overlooked? )s[#E<- –9z`e`WzSX19 ˋ2 "3?; DIAGRAM ( white has an obvious attacking move Nb5 - but what's wrong with theobvious defence Rb8 ? )aG׍$s0F3tr3]7 RDIAGRAM ( black had no idea what was about to happen to her - have you? )sV=$sފD?um:S 4\JJ㸝&'w_|u"7BB2 m1rHN!y+jkYش *JW( or 13 Qe1, Rf4+ 14 Nf3, Rxf3+ )DIAGRAM ( white resigned - why ? )_f= G"i3U!Ȥ<'3YP`sůͶ_L_" v)%% ILc%y3q$_oŃ% fA?.czy;պVꤚO@8d{Vu/ߨCEThis is awkward but White finds a superb trapDIAGRAMno need for this - Black is very tied downDIAGRAMawful: gives White an entry pointP>豖#6Ojo]AP G}>c6X_S+5 :H͸gdb#8RܤAN DIAGRAM ( white's Bb2 stares menacingly at g7, but the Qg5 protects it )( now the Qh4 can be deflected from the d8-h4 diagonal to allow Bf6+ )a= ^vsJW#" o_$_hu*DQ!nFg-DIAGRAMa likely unmasking, but Black has not seen far enoughDIAGRAMa^׸&\ً[BԇYQȁY܍_XNךY bU<-Du*ؙJ?GxoJpQDIAGRAMDIAGRAMDIAGRAMa׼>[ݞ'y-΍J㺺/  Cx? 0+jt`϶:K{]FN WtƺoDIAGRAM1-0DIAGRAM!0ײ‹?rdynPgSEPAt63s\[C +=[ L~=ش2E/N^ TvGb7N0 q]눼rǡixAu4iƾ# FTDIAGRAMwhen White is free to belt down the King's sideDIAGRAMDIAGRAM hoping to make a stand on c6, but enters the worst pin in the worldconcedes the c-file, when the Q can't be kept put for longelse White wins by Qe3-a3-a4DIAGRAM pin number two, down the c-file - worth another diagram. How canWhite increase the pressure?DIAGRAM zugzwang6,6NޚU F_ Rȋ\ݚMXцHKȌQM iW.4 ZOޟqH7yDϨy`0#}FUmZUf䑸5EX) DIAGRAM Black is in a TRIPLE pin; how is White to increase the pressure?Black's position remains precariousthe power of discovered checku׍!D}dc"E ['SJQ릛ȑr-cܒD2vk8Bhnܺo5fKVyD*Q˂3DIAGRAM ??eס+]Xׅ Mʌ3 ] A֏J C̀M_@ҍF a real-life version of the famous breakthrough``` P7Mcj+襣}ԇǎ%0ܴ;)UՉ8un#bTqUW od63kk7yc+ Ma8"tl2'ph*qh)tDIAGRAM white is lost but struggling - morphy finds a characteristicallyclear linet]װ wqH|vwp>FwƋ8&]V[5e & ' 3g * -(?DIAGRAM ( black resigned - why? )sVׂ"a܆|h}veO?NQVc>,4QAl,N ȈÅDnmbQ=@.1DIAGRAM ( black to play )1U.2'ߺ[R&'{<|VR@`s>s8USeŐ'+V Ld82S.@MP-%s4jBs<ӷ"V*QdkA˜Q}ܼF,BA'DIAGRAM ( now white jumps at the chance to rid himself of the bold pawn at c3,but there is a sting in the tail... )( there is now a very pretty unveiling )DIAGRAMs֥׺!Wu:/쀘!Z O'2J\ԟʏ,9i4 џƖ0o}bb ,ʝHgnmB T*&J ɄDIAGRAM ( white resigns - why ? )s׻>}Cn+Eʿ]ԇ;p,.݋ī0im#jPtOIE%AƠm"a[';[h,`UDIAGRAM ( black resigns - why? )b׺!I6^R鳜ȇ;):ڇPstg;P fWFEȋ:bpݔ YC@ eH?BDIAGRAM ( black to play and win )s׵3);1Tڗ5~jjo\`\r3 ˔2 Jo($_*fӍGwm{1~-PᔬxV6 weDIAGRAM ( black resigned - why ? )k>=K~)ށ+^)Qxlߏ)֬D4 ʒOqn{\D-4$ N؀K2>ׁQqbz_ADIAGRAM ( black has been struggling to mess white up but white has beenplaying a straight bat - until now! )... 0-1a׾,3Cכ] IۜYX\ݛZL]ZȣX%is this possible?DIAGRAMP f 0 aא$Cכ] IۜYX\ݛ[ L]ZȣX% vَ,OC $ 9j0Bʪraך'K]$ X /&w3Xnzaׯ%="%ihs{[ كFt.Ubut...else White is a piece down!!6?r}y{[ Q YY @}, I?gives White a strong attackwinawer-steinitz, nuremburg 1896UAך(Vڅ8m -渇4 H29\ڥaAױ+'Sx=[Y๖'qR P_ 8=?threat Qxf7missing the threat...aW׊) Yօ"{,ړOW $  Go4 ^@ ݀hthreat Qxf7aA׊*'Sx=[@'qR ͘>uthreat Qxf7a_׊'S7%ihs{[ ~J,D30threats Nd5 & f4aOך#2b/eג?@] *P퉶r' HTyΦ9a^&?"uRz=TQக'f^ 9$pdAJu.`Z5hI(better is Nf3)artificial: better is ...Nxc3 & ...Be7aOך+M aUO򢲗Ŏ<& º~tPך'*S NﷆŸB kX<7xjNaO s\Lciwi-W /e"JFwV沑'aCװ=/"e8|>OQ\O pmrM j.!-nȕ-*Ɨ^\ewsUbernstein's variationwinninga ך(+ %K gX-Qv yQa ו=ț縝6~ 8M/\톴rK+\SX_ ϽE*_>'n?a ׄ#ț縝6~ ݂&לNhAk double attacka׬&S~z1!nm*){c:& ~"SJc) threat Nxf7the Fried Liver?a׬$qXލ"o?3ǁ? QN|9IڦgFs`>threat Nxf7the Fried Liver?a״)g7ȁfyhplW ԆtIthreat Nxf7missing the threatד#iP ^Sq+訠CI )0.?, :HҴ jF-&]NzO֮+-a ך((x3k܄(I] =PI Black denies White the model centre with pawns on e4 and d4 Black has an extra central pawn but lacks space and a move or two ofdevelopment. Black will try and restrain White by hitting at the e-pawn. The Morra Gambit, where White sacrifices a pawn for speedy development.aX7#-ϴ6up9Q֟f PL8}>5>QrvE The Queen's Gambit. Black cannot keep the pawn so usually develops quietly for a while. This move secures an opening for the Black Bishop. Play is equal.a߀%S͐0o[q d`Q6 Black has free development but a little less control over the centre.a]z&Spl벺I+v  *x.LKu|%l. Black tempts the pawns forward. White has not attempted to hang on to every inch of the centre and is alittle more comfortable for the moment. Black will aim to play ...d5 or ...e5soon before White can consolidate.aC1(g8ij#e_vX a" ܄.UkvL Black concedes central space for dynamic chances. White can sieze themoment to attack the King's-side. A sharp game with opposite-side attacks will develop.a^$qEk\縑àq [}3=lMK` Rather than even things up with ...e5 Black sets up a counterblow with ...d5 A level game - even a rather dull one - has arisen.a֪#'2~K@G Ւ^9u <_bY Another counter-punching line (like the Caro-Kann). It is both better andworse than the Caro: Black has more chances to win, but so does White! White has siezed the centre: Black retaliates. White's central pawns have disappeared and the only hope for advantageis to hold back the e-pawn.aB0%=T7+T PENƋkLX Unthreatening but White has a range of plans available. I like the Viennaand think it's a good 'second-string' defence for juniors.Quite the best reply.aA%=78rK@G PENٯmKX A more blocked position has arisen, but exchanges along the e- and f-filesare likely.aA+'1 2~K@G :QfT9聗8I gH"  I think the Petroff is a great way for Black to avoid the stodgy FourKnights' style of development after 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3.This reversed Ruy Lopez is fine for Black: the pawn on e5 is no more underthreat than the one on e4. Black should castle next and play ...Re8.is the other main line, which is quite well-known to theory. Sometimes Blackcan get away with ...O-O-O and a King's-side pawn storm! About even.aDg!]cDsذWqrS 7xa[+-:?wk92hl1o This guarantees a more open game than you sometimes get in the Ruy Lopez.is the currently fashionable line. with an exciting game in which White is very active but very loose! Blackmust develop quickly and hit back at the centre.aA#˟ Rfr\ Another nice way for Black to avoid White's intentions. The main lineinvolves a gambit: Black's development is worth a pawn, but the Knight on a5 is not well placedfor a King's-side attack at the moment.a@!#ȗ0o[q Hp\9Y#2YyB A good open approach to the Queen's Pawn opening, and one which makes nopositional concessions. Rapid development and hitting hard at the centre arethe hallmarks of this defence, which make it appeal to sharp players. White's centre is impressive but the White pieces are huddled ratherdefensively behind it. Black will try and mess up the advance of the pawnsand then get the a- and b-pawns rolling to create a passed pawn.a&!Ab3/̊sOOh<_m k1%2 Ǝ굖:s`md -y.`23;')-50+2½ The BCF don't mention this but it is a tempting reply for many juniors.Better is ...c6 or ...e6, but White also has a tempting way to go wrong here.This is the commonest reply among juniors, but is incorrect. Black can easilyequalise byor 4.Nf3 (stopping ...e5) are better, when I reckon Black is best advised toaim for a Grunfeld set-up.alekhineaT֟6_FҴ1nSp9D'^z4hN\QsoXq: R, 9y#p@@DF?k%nLž''Y"]@c Black has tempted the pawns forward to within punching distance. Those pawns look great but Black is able to hit out at them.It is fitting that the White King dies having come too far forward in thecentre!0-1 cursoux-letzelter, 1977al'AW.)n}is8eN1,S Btnգs5 bC`_%T2 | I recommend the Dutch for Black against the d-pawn opening. Black has aplan of development and attack which is easy to remember and understand.a*A|S'論ϭYW+-/S6䝏. White can obviously play 2. d4, which is the ordinary Dutch.a+_ fTWԴ&yUsR[r9 awkward if Black wants a Dutch, because White has a gambit:Tries to sneak into a Dutch... this is dangerous for Black ,i֡yn鷔ˠD (Q}+%UOH}kwr/Id8*G[ :B(Qvs6.b!{@}\hAy3Hk!vb6ˬx2J9EJ~O0 `}Rx -ӺKǀwQֿ ͱMP+B"zgNۘ*{3꧸@9N3D l;moфn{+OJ rCZ)7Chʏ&l]N='"_НƉ67φMr{~\ ^6&%"...at the time I was writing a book...: The King's Gambit. Sp I had to tryand find out for myself what it was all about! I tried, stood very badly andwith difficulty managed to draw..."?!?!=+?!?!?!~?!?! (Nc6)?!?!=b6̏)s-瀛GYJ!Z7c4z}e\҃-n7ڟ`iBS#>-"wթ1ˊtm\{ L:>) @K+K DڌX~yW E: Fj݊HDjlw\m< 0NDNʂ6ÂIboiPh=4G.Ií I hated this game and immediately looked it up to see what I had done wrong.I have an old book by Shatskes which quotes an analysis from Botvinnik, and anew book by Ribli & Kallai. Are two heads better? They gave opposite advice!( ! shatskes )( ! ribli )! uhlmann-taimanov 1984 ? botvinnik ! ribli ( 9 ... Bg4! = botvinnik ? ribli - although there areprobably still finesses to be found )? ( 11 ... a6; 12 Bb2, b5; 13 cxb5, axb5; 14 Qc2, b4; 15 Ne4, Ba6 botvinnik ;11 ...b5!? seirawan )botvinnik-reshevsky 1938+= smyslov-radulovic 1964 ??aP%?߂ⶆ";fsdP}HS]v{+*K[NLi0 *e2VFY੊1 :AUL8"h>HO[1#jnƼu7% ,n/IQWm(k\|a_ul>u7zHƪF8x- %JEʼ&-@UXwy|t:AURr2 NBu9R~EF<> >S){Pc5#|i5CX\  *Q8gCH||h5}`*.$*2w4uBHʿJOM4"~UB>ݹ2Tnбu/ };jVx#ި_0Uh^2 vaP"С0P)@ The Semi-Tarrasch Defence to the Queen's Gambit (Declined). The Scotch opening From the Panov-Botvinnik Attack in the Caro-Kann Defence... ...to a position known from the Semi-Tarrasch! From the Sicilian Defence... ... to a position known from the Scotch!bϒ "'.Mveʰ(C.sٴF {y.leη|uJyloses the game: Black is cramped and wants to open lines to get his pieces outbut the only player who can use the open lines is White. The finish is verystrikingwait for it... Black resigns; for those who can't see to the end from here:e.g.b^֪<ّ渇$il#`MrPV 1s%˘'JHe>S r:O67;B_cl޹HAU5(0U]Nf5cp~ 3u% Black should get developed?! letting the pawn go in favour of more development We can see the damage done: the Black pieces still in barracks The Black Q-side pieces are in no position to save the King1-0unnecessary queen moves( and grabbing material! )b;u " ꮝ"i|od3OLA@e>c6R [;H!_2G3XE+B8FGr#D=B#^ Hp"_)X"|Y=B$_*WN2Q6E;#M$v*@7V%[84Z#j!])^>N9u The first Black piece is developed, but it is already too late. another knight offer finishes the game1-0 Black has sacrificed a pawn for development; White now grabs another pawninstead of holding tight and trying to catch up The few developed White pieces have disappeared; the Black pieces crashthrough1S K͚'2LL ⺳+Og7l_n~; X9R'mJ',}j?ѕ?r Zw Black now jumps the wrong way?Black gets another pawn, but has been too greedy Time to strike Black is sliced apartaY/&Cًر4mlonTvOIj(_t(c6YDe-S 6ˁLccY$89t when morphy faced this position he chose the superiorapparently neat, but not best from a contemporary game the superiority of the Morphy method is plainaZ׏&Ӆw; u ؽ(WLޛmorphy#=̏:ssO# Fk)$*_ȏ"u. od,&}q#{[x'ۥf=<{q 2Cwb*sr ? greedy White has an apparent initiative, but it has no body!bZ0>%xa#lMvROVba''QGUh1SB 7[۽r*rQg4D/tH1Ē(? moves a piece twice - not good, but not fatalthis is the real culprit Black has a pawn, but White has an open h-file, the attack, and the movebrutalb_և"j[̃!o-ꃓ\R<E{) ׻-&QJtrUD+$ hold the Queen backdevelop before attacking; pieces before pawnsmove each piece oncepieces not pawns(you are allowed two pawn moves) the Queen is in trouble: 10. Qxb4 Nxc2+ the Black pieces are in control; the Whites are in bed...`IՃ:|w!l+e2mDL@GMQQ@QIK@K L siϺHA$A97 in a blocked position, loss of time cannot be taken advantage of so easily.In this game, both sides re-position the knights.but this is a permanent weakening of the castled king's positionremoves the defender of the dark squaresWhite has completed development and can play for direct attack pounding at the dark squaresresigns`$א L# {2o؂#hYJnh2=m[73+z) $^ٻrb4oQjpP=bq)BBl`y%fFsql{H.U+Mꢱˇ`v,_|`g: 4ՑOtcz^b!"1C{Unot goodmuch more to the point: immune from Bd2, threatens ...Ne4the third move with the Q should have warned White to be carefula carelessly optimistic move: what right has White to be winning pawns?`[׌#Kc$"I )Riw(AvB6$ށ% sW(G qR*%Gb9*JvZyeuch`m-=ЭBNj ^.8{*UӚ"*붾O[JpNC`<{f pmwJ\( ZrvНDMRwb` so far, so good exchanges have removed White's K-side pieces, but the Q-side is still in bed the attack needs open linesthe Q-side remains asleep`֍"CZ}.&៖sHE+8 AϜф8T%& ɇԛ8uofm ?5~QJv/< White has offered a gambit but hasd little to show for ittoo optimistic - ...e6 was safer, keeping lines closed White is now nicely placed - Black must be very carefulexamine moves that smite - checks and capturesthis is a check and a capture!`l ]u>n:] OlyEʹB˓.x&$YÓqiljo\ ƨ*XT$wpN;;OdR7weakens the side Black wants to castle onthere's no helping some people^ > [}tr> #]L泞?b%טbgp? :Dȣql$m/Hխ &hW=p Morphy had many contemporaries who could attack as well as he, but more thananyone Morphy knew how to create an attack out of the opening through accurateplay. Here he already has a development advantage and the two bishops.keeping the initiative goingWhite needs only two more moves to complete his development - breathtakinglyefficient work. just the wrong sort of move Black's pieces are treading on each other's toes.a nicely-coordinated crossfire of pinsapparently dramatic... this masterpiece of economic development and slashing attack has becomerightly famous; the final position is very neatĞ#[}tr> -VNҕh,sD~cc8 $ 8$3=' White has a development advantage and a passed d-pawn, all in seven moves!a decoyB8\ԛӉ24%8&b5:9!V}T /F6]}R= vEz8_z??K a confused picture, where White's central hold is more secure White is offered materialbut completing development is more importantthe last White piece enters the fight, and Black faces early defeat Well, White's pieces are well-placed, but how to push Black over the edge? the White force is perfectly coordinated and Black is helpless to defend allhis piecesDֻ2o\ٚK ݋J5G܍_ M֙H]ʍ] /GAsif=>]Htu0O1đ This distinctly unclassical move has been a major line ever since: it avoidsthe ...Bb4 pin, allows c2-c3 reinforcing the d-pawn, and has a mind to golater to f3, while the Ng1 goes via e2 to f4 or g3. Black's king is in the firing line with little support. Black must make some concession on the King's-sideIn such positions, this sacrifice is a matter of technique more thanimagination. The gang of thuggish White pieces cannot be stopped.l9E~v͗/_* VAkȁ PvVbqށ! {]+WWOc!a { White has done everything right so far and the right moves have not beenhard to anticipate. His next is a nice way of proceeding with effect.Nothing has been sacrificed but the King will not be comfortable for a longwhile, if ever. Tarrasch keeps finding moves that mortally threaten the Black King. Tarrasch has a reputation for being a preachy old stick-in-the-mud, buthis play was often sharp and witty, and many of the lines he recommended havelasted to this day./|;݂2s$nhJvAHWt7$sEUYi< - 0: 58<?# White's advantage looks slight, a matter of a move or two. Black still looks solid, but now White is able to turn his space and bishoppair to attack. Suddenly Black is full of holes and dead in the water.:^o_&W K|(yR*2ꉛϮP(  hZ"pZ7Ѻ,F,Kcn#A3tct?/ X%[akV?icj #Ů (f׉ The Cambridge Springs Defence, which envisages a quick attack on c3, usuallywith a view to buying enough time to play ...c5 or ...e5.? Guards the Bg5 but ignores the Nc3 That this move was chosen is a measure of White's problems. Black has a powerful initiative, enough already to win a pawn. White must concede the exchange. The rest is an exercise in conversion. A nicely balanced Black formation using the White squares. Time to force a decisionojԨ8^L+Da,wiӋ"n?㣕C_j Km1>}N-u0Q ~U )v8{RN\m(e#3թN[q  3A powerful new move which has revitalised this gambit line. Garry Kasparovhas invested his chess with great energy and attacking flair, and has come upwith a stream of new opening moves and re-assessments.the attack needs open lines Black's pieces on the Queen's side are too far from the King. White feedshis last minor piece across:he must have thought he might as well grab a pawn, but the White formationis menacing White probably has more than one way to win this position. It's a strikingexample of the notion that every successful attack is based on the idea ofsuperior concentration of force against a relatively immobile target.the last straw Every White piece but the King is playing a part in the attack; no piecebut the Black Queen is doing anything to defend.*L>K tm3eNi6,}f7Ɣ y|,'v(;-|(3hjm5,}n=;4`u Ɠ[kzhBF>1":^$AqJ7¸ҙSD-[ White has an advantage in space. The following Bishop offer is well known, sacrificing a piece to open the h-file against the King.but that's the mark of the master: exchanging a defender of the King's-side,when the recapture hxg5 will remove the otherThreatening mate. how does White finish? The three pieces that can hit the f7 square andthreaten mate all seem stymied (g5-g6, Nf3-e5, Qd4-c4)... A marvelously energetic display.!֣83'}ڏS?hk;I%FCӌ36zׂ]{helRT 5\FA𷞆> +K؎p ~:V=죝;Gd@  ȁo!#J?! The only way to hang on to the pawn, but it would have been safer to letit go. (Nimzo did know this, but must have thought himself capable of thedefence.) White must preserve the Q having sacrificed two pawns White's major pieces are the main artillery in the attack against theuncastled Kingʛ߄*,FB>A.5pfɂ+t~ \)zaBaE${Sy~/!Fvd_d Ҫ#UFAꆂ|J%saBr<֨1O,Jf@2 Horwitz bishops, a persistent threat. White is trying hard, but there is little objectively to encourage an attackYou need to have the right to attack, afforded by any or all of (a) a lead indevelopment, (b) more space, (c) concentration of force near the enemy King. Morphy pots another pawn - coolly played! Andersson is running out ofpieces to attack with` NR(-y2v/ @NL&d#i>L7׊4!voȭH] 6k=B\uGprGǼ White must have thought his position perfectly safe. Black's next is a reinforcement to the principle that the pawns in frontof the castled king should only be moved when necessary. Black has a forced win.#f!! using the loose dark squares?! White's dark-squared bishop has little scope while the pawn is on c5...! a clearance sacrifice White has the advantage, but how can he break through?regains the piece while the attack surges onWhite has shed many pawns to open lines - any endgame will be lost, of course,but this doesn't feel like the sort of game that will last that long.`) BԈ-l_u0TYe,]`(乚:{P}2 ?ncIl8#jӢCMUIk8!! this is the only way with a blockadeholds draw with a blockadenothing doing yetprobably not enough now lines will be openedI remember John Nunn saying he remembered this blocking manoeuvre whenplaying Korchni, and used it to good effect. Perhaps a typical situation: how to open a file?P``%nfaĠb#H [)ZMߺ㦛”>,rԉR25p2Rk"s @㢆ǁh-f׈Xu&n?CV(ctȢm. t`K"I=Y"Dxrʡy}}yJ$R̯ ,QmoIٖ9%.{h Nˋ< o Jv|ԨNunn says he nearly played this move, because the position reminded him of aWinawer French when there is a Pawn on c2. Fortunately he analysed a linewith Qe2-b2 when the pawn on c2 vanished and the danger from h7 re-appeared!1-0"I had to resign one move before you had to resign!" -- KORCHNOI Black has the threat ...g5. How can White open a file against the King? 1. a6 is met by ...b6; 1. b6 by ...a6. Nunn, playing blindfold here,recalled reading Vukovic, and came up with:PP ``fN  bR3=ᨹLM]06c2mm JUIjvw-rE 2=!-/  )7+(!? there are lots of published short White wins in the Sicilian, but the longergames where Black survives and/or wins the endgame are not so often published!! provokes the final phaseb5PG>A4znkT:u,ڑZ & e>%hw+{h+;容!7vɩtR8nj.4a opposite-side castling and asymmetric pawns/files usually adds up to arace to mate the opponent's King. Both sides will throw pawns forward to openup lines for the attack.!!? ! exciting stuff!!!|0#O|vLe_̞nPs\PF' K`rmeI͏g{*WMC Nkz~[݁ qUH %?SxЉ,:tQtorO<89 Y} ޝ ˜ndcR*F '1ԛ jKsץ 0# White's attack is slow but has an important target! Fischer's next move wasconsidered an innovation at the time, making a pawn move in the area ofBlack's attack, but actually it slows Black up a bit. Obviously White must move the Knight, but where? 99% of players wouldchoose g4...The d1-h5 diagonal is left clear for the Queen. White does not want to lose the Bf4. Black is definitely getting somewhere with his attack, but White is readyfor the big push. Black's attack has ground to a halt, while White powers on.An unobvious move, preparing to go to e4.yfZ0wz,!4^1e^a+dJg:8 :ay|,hnm*'o(-8i, ~TW:M/-Jxk?h:zPSP%&nd8J In these King's Indian positions each side must look for chances on the wing Black makes the first threatening gesture. Black must prepare a breakthrough on h3.still not an easy move to spot for most of us! Coming, ready or not!It's easy to understand the appeal of the KID after such a game.e֬1穳ON jF c;pmߞ:{=ڈBIJ# ^Kz.iMs{H]+73k։ў6ܖPb{u]X+(~  The Closed Sicilian reversed. The centre is not locked but under mutualrestraint. Black must take greater care to secure the Queen's-side before going all-outfor the King: the centre and Queen's-side are genuinely vulnerable to White'sattack. The Black pieces circle like vultures.bJ׉8S\ʼnr'wك_|a"Q V.^ .CͰw`[;MȤg"cK9ƓY-( and resigns)Y7e&sS|*C{6S5,CὛȅ<4sSfrg$BXV#[礕ԇ< [(V?F5V7Z#B\%A+N,q$V=U8S _-O$uO|t@;H#J-J White must have seen the finish from heremagnificentVװ8 vl=&4Iu-ja,y|,&(6hzm,,"(&8/ comment gP]B Acikރ%^ dDhej͖)X(mp؅/ք\ !P,i͝lC dL~a͐ nS 3!rSZVrb7jUǯ.")d(eJVpo ko !0q!L"...something important had been overlooked..." -- NUNNgVn׬MD 1@mjŀ6Y h&Kdj? 0 Gg>"J L @m…>M DGBH T;6.ZpYʥd-pM2})? comments h׬Z4Xak{Wr8FƋ۰4*T\bn祤龗 "Mm4mԌm_ =oS\s* k_vt7 comment uʠM k$t/vӎ. S m|wv1@eŞ& YJ\EI`fpL_VZI[tSj`lCmVifW[mI`_a common theme in these Paulsen/Scheveningen Sicilian positionsStean won the brilliancy prize for this gameRך7ߊ尘|m`glK3UWTy:j!@D+6R\!YDi= ʼIq UJ%{P81-0mates in 5 I think, e.g.R0=ʈ46ko`Z{I I]u4j!@D+6R dEq Ѷ2V.f@=J#͘g_Q? a rook's first duty is to sieze the open files (or half-open ones) optimisticsacrifices like this don't take much thought...or 16.Bxg6 both winb ׍7~ZBy0E #az^w󰌘{u@43bLXh$7%ל!@D!J;}~ZBy0E 9%-=-771;%!?? (i) bN missing from f6 (ii) wN can go to g5 without losing the attack (iii) wQ can get to g4/h5 (iv) other pieces can support the attack $Wӹ:< "mMUW1$(>(='794; !=  8 1This is the only real alternative. Analysis by Euwe and Kramer suggests thatWhite's attack is worth a draw but no more. The variations and ideas are very typical and worth playing over.winsand Black is betterand White has nothing better than perpetual check?winsis about levelwith strong attackwins the Q+-bJ OetBȐkq0KQ};konRr^IP E5)y)^\[`U*zr[¡/ 2eX$Jf݅5نO}`xZH? *H h݊9ŏVq Tal has won with so many of these speculative sacrifices. Botvinnik is ahard man to convince...tal a confident move: White has a choice of limp discoveries Black has yet to consolidate, and offers a pawn in order to do soanother attacking piece is exchanged White's pawns are numerically impressive but practically ineffective. 왖֞3P,$Tڏ+n{jb`XJV+{&=Ps2ƥ2U'^כeK9o vWW l(@ࡾLMN$ wj a dramatic offer at the highest level of tournament competitiondeclined! analysis shows Smyslov's intuition to be absolutely correctthis key move was discovered only after the game; Smyslov's refusal was basedmore on judgement than analysis@Qθ6}Yfp\Yๆ5qOu?Wٮ!~Y4T O7䝄;Jf wX#š*o L3X P١umO: _ѻt} Black has done nothing to interrupt White's clockwork attackthis was the first time such a sacrifice was played; now, we would call thispart of technique White will recover his investment with interestS&U"JO+[!~Esep?OfQ GপÌ;'1˂ebog:G  nN?5 U˒L~[52@f}كr^ 78Cp߆rH2oҍv[=/DIȞq@'Fyԋ`K "9ZEasy to see, hard to play! Spielmann calls this a 'real' sacrifice as opposedto those sacrificial combinations where the hoped-for gain is clear and short-term.2-)r k+Fo4}kpљ+7࿲BF 8 /{o=s:Λmʻ>  H{(y* pZ%/\}ύzm 1Nl˪Oe3+_tÎ|e5 Ks̟} A symmetrical pawn position where the initiative is important. White siezeshis chance on the Q-side, which leads to the gain of the c-file, which leadsto access to the seventh rank, which leads to a King's-side rout. yeuch$ m!})C (s G泀" zӈW>Lm%R 7Wſ벗&!}Cwhm%RQB io#3`j+9Ik69lu'6Bj>a2:2x5#{a3+Fm9<|e!Mb:8@n+ ap9!`p4(hv6*tx-4vr4*no-+n?,wz2, Symmetrical central pawns usually mean drawish positions, but White has anopportunity to make mischief on the Queen's-sideAn irony: see the St.Petersburg game from 1914. The rest is a long answer to the question, can Alekhine win a complexposition a pawn up against the greatest natural talent of the game? answer: yesm١2iLֿ8L.voKˏ+tyÉZ]? @az62 skG7%XȠorF-’$G۽~O-L^ex` #KǨvuO- White is better, but the resource Kasparov finds is remarkable(the point) White has not sacrificed so much after all, and the Queen's-side pawnsare rampant)18@\xRFMVi:' LOlj!SNP׉.9,fT2p3#lW|RZAGp8c fTK%Z9mikӉt * hZ(-E4-fb_߹H Black's Queen's side majority is a potential asset but because it cannotyet be advanced it is mostly a target.Alekhine is always tactically alert Black's pawns are blocked and awkward. With the disappearance of Black'sgood bishop White's pieces start to create threats across the board, and theblockade of the c-pawn stops Black creating any nuisance with it.A symbolic final moveb-minority attack White has a weak pawn to aim at, while Black's King's-side feint has yetto produce fruit.may be inaccurate, but that is what open files are forBlack must try this move before White can gang up on the pawn the weakness on c6 has vanished, but there is a new weakness on d5 and thea5 pawn is still under threat%6 $.;}dž%H~Ocd9~>Ymb܀ճ4oABZ{ ޢ[E4)~3x`LX_|q ^#[#!Ca]ֻu4N_R>|5,M}|ۮg nIF4^* before launching on his Queen's-side attack, Black secures the King's-side the dam is breachedbU'ʂ+:.R>Z%^=jCkIˇ#{,Ξ=0XwiӧxgٕE"Á&no use keeping the pieces sitting around looking impressive - you must learnto cash in! Winning chess means: converting a positional advantage into amaterial one, or often exchanging one sort of positional advantage for another PIECE POSITION: open file & diagonal, knight outpost, weak king position,more space, control of centre, poor piece position, bad bishopPAWNS: backward pawn, isolated pawn, doubled pawns, pawn chain, pawn islandsPd``  ӝ\ Spn창@ T$0{ hU? (a AO p Black should aim to play ...e5. Instead, he hopes to draw the game byholding still and being quiet. White gradually improves his position...White avoids exchanges while Black is cramped. Eventually Black decides he cannot bear the Ne5 and exchanges off his 'good' Bc7 when his Bc8 is hemmed inWhite has the two bishops and an outpost on e5 (...f6 would weaken e6).It is the Nc5 that belongs on e5a weakness that Black should have made only if forced to! White is teasing Black with Bxh6 (that weakness); Black is horribly passive. White is on no hurry to try and cash in, and develops his last piece. Eachadvantage is quietly put in his pocket for later. Classic manoeuvre: when Black is huddled defensively on the K-side, thissudden shift to the Q-side wins. Black suddenly realises his predicament andlashes out on the K-side, but his pieces are too badly placed to worry White. Black has had enough, even though White has no piece beyond the halfway linektEF P&'b/qmLSkp5r6l̆9&] t g`j }|`t T5x oyiTPdd~~ZBˆ\y\ Zg4|_ciYllPxQfPnd wrru White has emerged from the opening with an advantage in this queenlessmiddle-game. The Queens are off, but the number of other pieces and the character of the play is more like a middle game. ! A little tactic (Rxf5) to keep a positional advantage - in this case, thefine position of the Ne4. Black has conceded the two bishops. White's doubled b-pawns cannot be attacked and cannot therefore be considered weak - on the contrary, togetherwith the Bc4 and the open a-file, they give White the advantage on the Q-side."Tactics flow from a superior position" - Fischer. White wins a pawn. Butinstead of trying now to swap into a winning endgame, he keeps his two bishops& well-placed rooks moving forward, so when exchanges come he wins quickly.White works with these little tactics all the time, not to win material, but to win positional advantages.White's tactic has resulted in another Black retreat. White has the advantage and the initiative on both sides of the board.Black has no rest, and the poor knights hop about in agitation. Black's pawns are split, his pieces awkward. There is still no need to swapoff in order to win the ending. Idea Bxh7 and Nf6+ White's pressure on the position is such that Black will even help the pawnsforward if it will free the game a little. We do now get an end-game type ofposition, where the play is concerned with passed pawns. A complete crush against a dangerous opponent.|j(54'#Z O㸖3.tהftk0H %[JŖ$btەYb&w%BB4FC X2NdU6M zNMj,x;[AXcR8e!d¾v ҥ2VސL'`)He`BfaԴF5qD㞡 zC8Np Ow'u+B^^#RxwBA܎{ڱ/H)Sx]*W~ף6$ Black now plays the final part of Capablanca's freeing manoeuvre. White has a temporary advantage in development, which is particularly clearin the positions of the Bishops. If White does not sieze the moment, theadvantage will vanish, and Black's last move gives White the chance he needs. This is the right square for the Queen: the rush of the f-pawn is prevented.White can try to support it with the e-pawn but by then Black can get sorted.with meagre chances for White - Euwewith Black's Queen-side majority being the most important feature of the gamedraw agreed, stahlberg-trifunovich, 1951 Now White can count up several advantages - good Bb3, good Rooks, exposedenemy King. Black may still organise a defence, given time.Now each Bishop looks good, but the other advantages have yet to beneutralised.costs a pawn:with good drawing chances=1-0 EQXLzka !T45dg?׆)OGN CVFB PE d=LH^ JN_[B'B{UȜ&F~=ƍB#TYB?! optically active but solidifies the pawn structure. Black resolves toexchange the Be3, leaving White with a 'tall pawn' on f3.! Black's knight is by far the better minor piece. Black's King's Rook isnot yet active, so...! The check on e4 does White no good; meanwhile the Knight on f4 (a darksquare) adds venom to Black's King's-side initiative.Qx P V쿙< Fa<"4BB5BY d]f[d\}B{@~HCeFm@k[oAoUrR^oM}kUr`BY}`heW White won a couple of games with this pawn formation: the weakness of the c-pawns is less important than the outpost on d5. The Bd5 is not bad - rather, it is the Bc8 that has no scope. Meanwhile,the b-pawn is a glaring weakness on the half-open file. First, White whipsthe Queen to a7 before Black stops it with ...Bd7.Undermining the pawns.Great moveBlack's Queen is over-worked.is hopeless: the Bishop, e-pawn and f-pawn are all under attack.s ִ5YrJM X[m6h|^gj'neUJxݐ; \Vqgfxwsf쉟fcmuxlv|{ l@r@xFy|o_wඟl$rq굟mDr is∟qqn G_qടdyj nnk g䯟nk el_kd lIaaa ...0-1 Franklin-Hartston 1965+= Averbach-Shamkovich 1966Euwe!recovering control of d5!!"Never start an attack until your Queen's Rook is developed!""He gave me the White Bishop, I got into the white squares ... and I matedhim!" -- YEDLINiB1#FKކ<2sފS`&*3o/7 PQɒ=+bY~iw$BB5B㢆ǁ ӕF\֬Ur/ٓQ ̋UQ +H\΁h^XtXBT RA2\]? Many players believe that opposite-coloured bishops are a drawing factor.This is true in many endings and some blocked middle-games, but often the sidewith the initiative can get a middle-game attack. Who has the initiative here?Without the particiation of his bad bishop, White's attack soon founders. the difference in the power of the two bishops is enormous, and White willnever be able to play a light-squared bishop to f3 to exchange off the Bb7QmJPf WO.6*U˘*u0^J% O#9qfȌ*:<J 2mYIx,'nErf(3SWP18܅#{PTt3D;dY~4 2 a powerful wedge curiously enough, the presence of bishops of opposite colours, instead oflightening the task of the defence, makes it more difficult because White'sbishop becomes impregnable TARTAKOWER/DuMONT decisive^Է -'  Fz6GI݅93svN~NJu ]^vk೽C 6sLFk) -bHGb mBCS:%xPm4 0nOr,(l The Bishops need open lines. White now trades one advantage for another: two bishops for better knight.Despite the exchanges Black remains cramped and uncoordinated, and White'sremaining 'bad' bishop has a powerful supporting role in the attack. Black is just about to get himself sorted, when...p"_Qϑ6j{Ӕ^;dk%If]F@r,rۈ MCS[PVQEZEJfJ_VLNUCemJVLLTMAWhite threatens to grab the Bishop pair - Black responds by making hisremaining Bishop bad! Black must make a further concession: in the event I buried the Bishop on g6and the Bishops shepherded through the Queen's-side majority. The Black Bishop is at last active and the f-pawn may move, but it's all toolate. The a-pawn cannot be stopped without loss.m['5 ٌʫ?;sfd;n'mAtCX@Id) BӆӒkpݱ9/Kņ괖 YJ\Eh``WB_dcdKL`SGdDOUYDJ]`SG[MHQ A club player might worry about giving up the c-pawn, but a GM knows howpowerful are the two Bishops in an open position. How would you feel as Black here? The end is actually swift.4nKJ9Dg.d* }2]Q>^Hg)veI :-KZ Woо p:L^F#E.-QgiMv*aH(^ 7Z]jѾf 9lQ*ϯE(:%hnTϢ}7-cXL4GL[ۣr,;kPD Already denying the Knight a central square. This is the recipe: the Knightmore than any other piece needs a secure advanced and/or central post. Black is now rather better.!0-1 englisch-steinitz Same imbalance: BB vs. BN.bidding for some scopedenying scopenot just tweaking the Queen, but denying e4 to the KnightpYY ZsݔWv|g{9I#A K좀ǎ!6݈m_ol% BGq jcKT<°>OųCO-oc`ܼ \p6wB[ !tQJl4ħ Black wins the exchange, but the attack doesn't hit home. The two sides strike their characteristic blows on each side. White's Bishops support the King, and keep a keen eye on the centre andQueen's-side. White's Knights are also fulfilling a dual role in attack anddefence from the central files, and in fact this centralisation of pieces iswhat wins the game for White. First Georgadze pauses for another, final,defensive move on the King's-side. A striking formation! The scattered Black army cannot cope with the manythreats generated by the combined White minor pieces.3! a.]稑:0G?\ؿt4]z|'G|-=?U=s kcJ>+Bުq~@L4ǡ\ưj)EE$Jġ qM30Pͤz yJ8 White has the same material but much better mobilised. Black has got somebenefit from the exchanges but has lost all three pieces that were oncedeveloped. White is completely developed and plans his invasion. White's centralised pieces have scope on both sides of the board. His nextfew moves aim at reducing the already limited scope of the Black pieces. Grunfeld-type endings with a Black Queen's-side majority are structurallyquite OK for Black, but here the Black pieces are so poorly placedSchlechter decides to abandon a Pawn in the hope of mobilising some piecepower. White's centralised pieces still dominate the board. They harass Black onboth sides and at first glance appeared to me to outnumber the Black army!$*FR@g<EKԟʕ(q,2ہƃxxlmuXHW nZ,c8gPS#{ q0 mc]^Os6nBd7 #0S%?!! Alekhine has a fine feel for the initiative.! Black's centralised pieces can defend and offer counterthreats( idea ...f5: 24...h6? 25 Rd1, Qc6; 26 Nxf7)( draw agreed in time trouble )&5'M&Ebg EhLIcwϋ;x(#kH-ρ"_-J#gË>E 3s@On7n{#bTc^ /_T gv3ˑ(vym-g3Ŗ-J\e3 White looks to have powerful pressure against the exposed Black pawns.Startling!(the point) when Black's coup has yielded a stranglehold over the Black squares. Bronstein commented that it is a tribute to White's defensiveresourcefulness that he can hold the game - two Pawns up!'7db!'SA׾&1:Rwtk5J8o^ WIJʇr,6ݖX{hev_!VFCŲ ?ROh#(=4cBR4$/qNGp3)~N]nLooks like it gives up the centre, and the dark squares like e5. But Capahas seen a little further... Can the e-Pawn be tempted to e6? Yes, if theQueen is distracted from the defence of d5... White has good prospects against the central pawns and dark squares.Pfleger and Treppner comment that the player who can conceive of such a plan at #7 has probably achieved all that can be achieved in the opening. We now see a cute knight wheel. White's campaign against the dark squarescan still be seen on the board. Black has blockaded the b-pawn. White may be able to force the b-pawnthrough in time but there is also play to be had on the King's-side.dark squares again!(impatient, but Black was being strangled)Xֹ1Bόʏ"mɼ(* їƍ䷐>t{ghXgT g6o>Z_uGJEfң3"1kx!x2ԞnYn(Whnot active enough Black already has some advantagethe final mobilisationvery cool... the bishop is too valuable to the attack to be wasted on ...Bxf1else ...g4 material is level, but that's all White's scattered pieces cannot co-ordinatewins 2}ݠ[5e?5~Æ# RDad#t0 Vc{fIY86:X{zҬ>*لQvxvqM:#:>]slate castling was a characteristic of Steinitz? Black's pieces can only stand around and watch the Q+BB bully the king}*֝7+A R(1d>w,VX@&f8r-NcΑuÑb(f+ޠ>D0'@R.{gl0_1#]|h0v_.?h7vgv>~/_gވg皼KI=7.r{e] ,_e'mt 7.A?cGHi8W?was better Black has been allowed a stand in the centre, but it may be only an AuntSally.? too slow ouch hoping for Nxe4, Qd5Stunning, but based on a concrete lead in development and nicely posted pieces)5ق8ul.vUuJRr-2_ "N1evXwQRRy:0ڲq@Ac?ڬc{LZ ryv0Q) A famous (and much discussed) demonstration of the initiative.to keep the d5 pawnnow any interposition on d7 stops the attack on d5hitting the b7 pawnpreventing ...e5preventing ...Bg7. All these queen moves are apparently against theory("don't waste time with too many Queen moves") but they are all to get Blacktied down before completing his own development.exchanging off Black's best piece no rush: Black is in no position to retaliate. White's vigorous play haskept Black short of the two or three moves need to untangle the position, andWhite is now clearly winning with centralised pieces and better development(!)1-0!l1^L|jK ]W( R 6܉$LI ҜYDߍT̨B\ϭf3ŖAa3٭hq DX Տ]-I3‚JPTNIksIusZOENƞWQLŀDRLdirectly contradicts usual opening advice, but straightforward developmentwould have allowed Black time to get sorted out - this move denies Black thattime White has been trying, but has he got anywhere but in a mess?the characteristic Alekhine touch - the 'sting in the tail' just as youthought he was pushing his luck too far White's material advantage is not very big, but Alekhine keeps his opponentpestered with threats throughoutthreat Nxc8, Rxc8; Qxd7+DւۄЌ<(\^Z %eO[b/>&bxN' &b_Xq" l4lyXn,6cID{& * It takes a moment to spot the sacrifice, but who would play it withoutseeing a concrete outcome? Black of course saw it and is calling White'sbluff. Mischievous! White's initiative persists, and Black still can't get his rooks working. And for my last trick:ג-Pz(&2\ LSd*JPʏ,#=7Y⭛qJz#n i2{]Sw; axYw;#n[Ul. 2FVpe2ڪ<[E[#p0-1ւ=6w_aov%HB^|Ia̓ EPrnщ#:Nr`{^\-=*Fw΂H[m How to save the f-pawn?! Can't be done, but Tal gives it up for a high price - scrambled pawns. In Exeter we say "KUFTE!" (King Up For The Endgame!) And there it is, nicely posted in the middle of a lot of weak Black pawns.!!Too late1-0oᱜ6c>*ǝ~GNx#_FXߎ$i"/ CLJ6;`m!QvVGTp6.FV'<}xջ$Pꇡ9;bjϛ pW1U Ք'pmE%ǾiʣxB=>>gm £ White can now force a weakening of the Pawns. Black thinks he can avoidit... oopsI pinched this idea from Petrosian!is also winningR g Pim8D+@cj *Vep- fn^B,;\t݄=< σZfgn O &9[Ydpٝ8ΜSbpzBQ.$< The first recorded minority attack, in the QGD Exchange. Later (andcurrently) popular, it was poorly understood at the time. The Queen's-side is full of holes. White's idea has been a success ingenious, essential, adequate eY&S~uR(,;[ iN =͠EXϐ?mi/K 嫼2shmf EtA}[m`kq`Itiuuz`s[e7YDxkFi}GJlLuNrJmJp\r\p\lyчxRlPhxZ`BzXpAiiC{_uCMB|\||7pD|M|Lz@}MCwEMpJMpM~KThe classic setting for the minority attack. Drumming up some King's-side counterplay.!! A critical moment - if Black has to go back now he is really up against theropes.The Rook on c6 stops the Black Rook on e6 joining the attack. I think theWhite King is safe here.! [The h-pawn cannot really be attacked, and with Queens off White can usethe King] ?Very neatWhite has a pawn and hopes of collecting more.Now White has a passed pawn.Offering to trade the pawn for a winning King raid.! Again offering the pawn, but again Black dare not accept.is rather like the game continuation:The winning clearance_ԲEJgERQ$JTL{q6~4UNc& ,Gbhٮ :ݜ^Hxm*H8..I+utD;ȊoouMB *=@v֎D΍^lThis is nearly always Black's fourth move in the Sicilian, to force the N onb1 in front of the c-pawn. Left alone, White may play c2-c4, stoppingcounterplay with d7-d5 or b7-b5, and removing danger on the c-file.Already making use of the minority. The move b7-b5 is sometimes a way ofthreatening the e-pawn, but more often keeps the c-pawn backward on an openfile.!?!! Chess magazines are full of quick White kills against the Sicilian. Whydo players bother with it, then? Because the longer games where the attack founders and Black wins the endgame are too long for magazines. Watch...? Now White has a weakness on g2 as well as c2.The weakness has been replaced by one on b3.The risks of the h2-h3 move is now clear.....0-1 vogt-andersson 1978 嗈u ZcVxfFT!!r}o܂. iGqMpDuAaQn[sQLpFf|WujBItKawP}A~{L White now starts a King's side mobilisation, more in faith thancalculation, but certain that the Na5 cannot easily get across to the otherside of the board. Taimanov might have tried to recycle it with ...Qd8,...b6 and ...Nb7-d6/d8, but tries to make a virtue of its post by aiming forQueen's-side counterplay.Kotov comments that White will welcome the exchange of Black's King's-sidepieces while the Knight is still stuck out on a5. The last White piece aims at the King.The Knight finally has its moment, but this is a swipe in the air.Bronstein ironically compares Black's manoeuvres to the Knight's Tour...Hugh Alexander used to say that blunders only occur in lost positions - acase in point!,n2Dʶ]I P<7 )v3|=uDab$40A~Ɓݏ<*\ i͘4ҍbddPR(?Hṗ&7ݍPpypP[ Capablanca famously remarked about this position, that Winter should haverealised that a player of Capablanca's calibre would never have allowed sucha move if it were good! Neither bishop is good, but White's is actually dead and buried, while Blackcan advance on the Queen's-side. Black is a piece ahead for the purposes of his attack.)]C%*{$j׈;CRC`c1n6B-ߌu<[G݌ SxZxMjTeKe^{UdZkPgGABbHaTusyw]eR`W}eTzRcIngQUxIr}MIj White has an opportunity to bury the Bishop. The best plan then is toattack on the Queen's-side, for, come what may, White's extra piece willdecide the game.! It looks risky to offer the exhange when Black has passed pawns, but Capareckons they will lack support.This is the prrof of the judgement: White has engineered a break and thea-pawn is still where is was on move 26.!! White has counted carefully.1-0 oO/\}1g'S̓:i7ڳ}"Ȑ8S_z*qy؅<:5ޮJ ['臞'RŵK iT 畔 j(io#4\ժ} f8ƮUg|%qtaking the d6 pawn loses a piece, but White has a great pawn sacrifice ofhis own The same theme as the main Smyslov game, but a more close-run thing.not ...Qxg3, Rd2!black resigns:boleslavsky-lisitsyn, moscow 1953ք39X0}Sc/wю5I`,R={H43\ ӕF\ܬ UF فSEiAs OGN0/kȚG@Ӝ N.ŗP[W~ ? Black needs that Bishop. White now has a simple plan: exchange off theother defender of the d5 square, improve the position of his pieces, andlook for the win!!! White now transfers his attention to the KingBlack's position cracks.!1Q<%[㴞nj3btǃYa&c?C2Aυ&-x dA\:OƯ=UR^ڸ s/pGN"z8Uokҹwwith winning attack There doesn't look to be much in it at the moment, but...%G>';wƃ`s`?U(PFӖ=66ԉyhk1RBf 't(AQB~#㶜mYUթ}6I don't know this line, but the active ...Bc5 looks inconsistent with thissolid defensive move So often the f5 square is the forward post for a King's-side attack in theopen games with e4/e5.resignsbAp=A9fSb9 @: R, Nap٤u8^S6H nZ~ծl 7MHx2 'Fw^ ! Nimzovich comments that the Pd4 is effectively an isolated one. Black hasblockaded the d4 pawn and the Bishop behind it. Nimzo used to get a bitmysterious about overprotection, but we can see that the d5 point is both......an outpost and a jumping-off point or channel for the Black pieces that canreach it, as well as fulfilling a blockading function.!! The knight on d5 supports c7 and can free the Rook for other duties. TheWhite Bishop isn't really participating in the attack, and won't unless thea-pawn gets to a6 - hence the last move.! 0-1 The d5 square remained pivotal to the end.BB-]ю%j'7 ݆? -BU j΂&ɃVylB_>!O&lSވ&̉Iy`iRN .= H yӟ<Θ`! Every White piece is queuing up behind the e-pawn, waiting for...! White's pieces control many central squares, and the Bishops have newavenues of attack.!?!1-0 tal-bronstein (STEAN)bAڜϒ.w; і!z~m!QrU wV9s? ;PR^8r7W qpמ?AW0VqƤ,VR6dɱ(SR.wtΧ,]S!}ӂ jgWlɴ/T5TWꙬ@P<z|I~-ӧ?H:ᖵbR9|cVl :β Pardon? Well, White's Queen's-side pawns are scrambled, so the only breakfor White is on the K-side, so Black wants to control the g2-g4 move. Another mysterious Queen move, again in order to deter g2-g4. In fact,Black so efficiently controls the King's-side that it is actually Black whoarranges the decisive break there.johner-nimzo. (NIMZO)ׂ0/5[K͇rYyDUI[V(UFÖ c [- s׸2G~v'^yj^!Ky'8jaNתm=zzhd;t$b/`Z3=NC+qYҺ JDƆQRĄp ɉI-Е2Bi̬mp|cz'2KSӎ C˜7C@۟ ,'o  +04s\y/"'q'Yw4R쿜Ÿ< _܂2+"O5K㢆ǁ :[:g퀾oN% CYV%Η<[:D'HyJm)eղ3W1QhaWc1Ӣ?ZoL{[=hxQa6к Black stands worse, as he is less well-placed to carry out the ...f5 break than White is to carry out an advance on the Q-side. This game is nottotally straightforward as Black's attack cannot be ignored, but the themeis there.? but this is not good when the e-pawn will fall. Not an attacking move as such but a move to get things on that sideresolved before turning his attention to the Queen's-side.when the Q-file, long diagonal and d5 outpost all become too hot for Black tohandle.now Black is stuck on the K-side, White returns to the Q-side was better, but not ...Ra7; fxe5, dxe5; Nxe5Black must do something, and while the White R is over the other side is asgood a time as any - if not, White wins by Ra7, c5, etc.!?when Black is in all sorts of trouble.with winning advantageyfo0JKgSLZz/1쭐 L Y6 ]ҝ;u &KѰ৛|;Ko`R4"V1:7 ~TW:M/-JxkѿHh:zPS6P+%&n[d8J Each side has their own private arena for action.The real Grandmaster touch.It's easy to see the appeal of the KID after such a game.eg{TI> V,C+~ !P,N ^DAh-܈- d'mH>lM !|h͝ 4~&WK_p(gJES-Y^@\{?dH= #Uis the line these days The majestic pawn advances we have seen before are pre-empted by theoutbreak of a dogfight between the pieces. Black's King's-side chances now materialise.(a vacating sacrifice)a]j=0$ ȍ9odboUrUM]1s\[~ x<ȬXTʆ#mg pI1j]IG!nJuH(W+aFWS$y ,b5u= ӷJUQqm  Among its other points is the temptation of the K-side pawns. Exchanging off the good Bishop. Black's natural break with ...f5 willleave White a fine outpost on e4.?gives Black some dark sqaures to chew on. The Knights look pretty but are lonely. Petrosian, as always, mops up anyhint of pressure.b3,Nc4,Nb5 No rush - Black's position has weaknesses without compensating counterplay.The f-pawn and Bg7 look pretty sick, and White can also think about acampaign against d6. Black should sit tight and wait for White to commit toa plan......but not give up a pawn for nothing. It's amazing how many of Petrosian'sopponents crack under the strain of watching Petrosian quietly improve hisposition while they have no play (see Fischer's comments in M60MG). The position is a testament to the success of the white-square campaign. Yk%7C2AC`mˋ>Y'T`eŠ% /V9$-X+nh͇'^ /_T gv3ˑ(vym-g3Ŗ-J\e߳ White looks to have powerful pressure against the exposed Black pawns.Startling!(the point) when Black's coup has yielded a stranglehold over the Black squares.'7dbJPՊv5 ̇:;!MXIUJZ{ eQV R+> Dƕ ?ROh#(=4cBR4$/qNGp3)~N]nLooks like it gives up the centre, and the dark squares like e5. But Capahas seen a little further... Can the e-Pawn be tempted to e6? Yes, if theQueen is distracted from the defence of d5... White has good prospects against the central pawns and dark squares.Pfleger and Treppner comment that the player who can conceive of such a plan at #7 has probably achieved all that can be achieved in the opening. We now see a cute knight wheel. White's campaign against the dark squarescan still be seen on the board. Black has blockaded the b-pawn. White may be able to force the b-pawnthrough in time but there is also play to be had on the King's-side.dark squares again!(impatient, but Black was being strangled)a.^|ww~7T~6*W l %Z_*We?3pǐ"A(hint) Remove pairs of pieces of equal value (e.g. Ra1/Rh8, Nb1/Bf8) until theremaining position is as favourable to White as you can make itSB5f`f`ʜa.'1dSau"3 C5SQҫ"#x܏Q2vp9JfAGIJ칀э6 everything else helps Black defend - now the wN will come to d5 unopposedf`f` jO&yb<8}|*&4(" hd9/"(hyl7.wz5&81<8ix O$5[ԩg&wY%ƍ :\ӯd cA48ne`X<Ɣ.Dm Black's next move is a mistake, for it leaves him without a good plan.See Najdorf-Geller m֘<(rݔUcn:TB^a2gܯȌkBWc24EbjŊ+I) Jx$ÂlE tW1 3n2LVPf:mGSAǴ, # assessment and planu-SEz:3#\@n/⥣D^ɋM9 ䷐4u}q`P|EAVr> 7I9Z9L)U2p!A*H8O8R5rZ&|&U|_+C Z>Q8_!U+z)M.H*_2Wp5V4F E>V/K47{>HxGJtN 27. Rxf3!? was discussed. "Sacrifice? Why? There is a regroupingimmediately available that underlines the hopelessness of Black's position"-- KARPOV.  It does look pretty hopeless now...g\_ki8k,%#[N^xnί\  AG QGS _Y6TN{yiT{}8T;?5uz commentwinning~u0[Gg2->\F On+_FTɍŒbi'/ C$oylrK;exػ3J]cfA7w@$}۵6Zx;ws Many club players would dismiss this as drawish You may be able to see the outlines of what Botvinnik has in mind now.There is an open c-file, and White seeks an entry point along it. White's advantage is clear.ӊl@u_c^=CsB<_bB\qY~ת}_uBy jlФ4@鄡3pmܰ*KN46iWdz9QB0veҦ8OW+ce Т%prY%lb˯.UoI͞ʿBY4Rxh!J\?1R_Ÿ&Jؼp|AJY65{b!@G7wҳ* r\?s{˿:ZW30:1 0-1 Petrosian T- Vasiukov Evgeni (RUS)/2* ()*1956, Moscow ch 0"Petrosian... plays for control of the centre squares." (Fischer). "Forcing the exchange of Black's most active piece."and ...h4 gets rid of the isolated pawn."Black doesn't get a second chance."! Fischer "White constantly finds ways to improve his position." "Heading for an even stronger outpost on d4. Each time Petrosian achieveda good position, he managed to manoeuvre into a better one." "Feigning an invasion with Bh5, Re1 and Ne6. White has two wings tooperate on...""Panicking and giving him the opportunity to sneak in b4 when Black can'treact with ...axb4 and ...Ra8. Petrosian likes to play cat-and-mouse,hoping his opponents will go wrong in the absence of a direct threat..theyusually do "White has finally achieved his ideal set-up, but Black's game is stilltenable." "This Pawn sac caught me completely by surprise. It's the only line that gives Black any trouble."?winsl'\( Joe- L+Gcsd%Jejl 7Pek—l@!LCmi 3^G `e%,F`~'7_e<ź5TmzYo ɸ-@N?kqη<]U qۼ=ÕN6k|ԥ5_Sih˻6^T!Black inititates some unwarranted complicationsThis gain of a pawn ultimately decides the game. Black is struggling to hold the Queen's-side. comment mission accomplishedthe Knight is needed on c3 now to support the advance of the Q-side pawns, sowe have a little shuffle A slightly desparate-looking move. The Black pawns fall now and the winbecomes straightforward. љeH ZכVE]ύԈB AۀYA֏ˆHFԍIȑMց5mq6Dtx6-iv*1ld)%f~'5bb?} ,oXd#hu)=`p*-om.-ej+)m4+bu3& BRONSTEIN: "By move ten, Black should not only have formed a plan, but besticking to it too" KOTOV: "8...Bh7 was better, but while he was exchanging,he should have taken the opportunity to exchange the B" That poor Bishop at last gets of h7, but White's Bishops are already makinghay. The critical move. Black has some drawing chances based on the exposedWhite King and the presence of opposite-colored bishops should the Queens comeoff.No more checks: White's turn.fIByY4 ᯇ$pRz5G湚 tSr|X#r /_H:kn:[Ryyѱ;X4R>Rpө?J szߡwherV}FZu>3=H M<<jpӇUdJ%(j~u*NJ4Duؒ!R7!jfP U{b9MFycc 'VX⟭yX<'wϜ`g) QeCB $in Like a Ruy Lopez comment!!winsand Qf3+-=+draws, says nunnidea Rh1 winsuٌ' B_MatGB ",v1Hp S:OS~%Y3?ex3+4"O=WAsC"} Xpx=vAK!"an unusual move... gets an exclamation mark because White is S.Webb. I liketo fianchetto my KB in such positions, and this is the one move which preventsme from doing so" (if he thought Bill would play this, he would play 3.g3)which plan? f4/g5? g4/g5? double rooks on d-file? It's not much use knowingyou've got a good position if you don't know what to do with it!WRH: "Now the position bears a very strong resemblance to a Sicilian. I feltquite happy now since I seem to have spent half my life playing Sicilianpositions of this type, which my opponent, not a 1 e4 player, had to be less...familiar with the problems"WRH: White has made a series of natural moves and maintains a spatial advant-age; nevertheless I believe that Black already has the better prospects. TheBlack pieces... are beautifully placed to leap into action after the thematic...d6-d5 breakthough". SW: "By this stage I was definitely running out ofthings to. I still don't know what I did wrong, apart from choosing the wrongopening!"I would have preferred to defend the c-pawn, but 18. b3 b5 and 18. Na3 d5! arevery unpleasant for White.-+, # BBopening lines!no hurry - W cannot organise a defencedoesn't helpthreat ...Ba6+ & ...Bc5?I included this game here because I was interested in Bill Hartston's commentat move 14, but I have also included Webb's commentary on the psychologicalbattle.֖XMcٍ)šI+MmjlI 7LWe`- 8B~fηx,*rNA+Zm-v&od}Ӿn3aXT |!@u_d-bHM3Jh'9*iJy1In these Maroczy Bind positions, Black needs this break or ...d5.Black has secured an initiative on the Queen's-side. Petrosian has offered no points of attack and has made concrete gains on theother side. Bisguier has been announcing his intentions to attack for sometime, but where is the threat?cute: White dare not exchange. Black holds the pieces rather than the pawns (which have vanished) in Nimzo-style restraint.{%S5VD3ge(D\0`ԥ4E|3T^ 1K ^u5*-WW2}Zĭ White's Queen's-side invasion is obvious: the game now suddenly speeds up asBlack tries to stir up trouble After all the excitement, a quick body count shows White ahead\W1ņ涚#7m.o\wLFZ=:6tVZ Eny bU&č)Iѱa jO+Pq-o2XE:ls6 ƫqoaf!PwW D "eYe4'?>k_G#n1|߼' !0#uF|/aeSRF4q8]ZJCvzbI%&|!J]Pm(zaZL0 ,g8LZ`4or Qd2( I analysed 21...Rf6; 22 Qc4 idea b4 )(fritz fancied ...Rad8 when b4 to stop ...Rd7 allows ...Bxa1 ) You can tell Black is going to suffer. There are hundreds of trapped queenminiatures (see Tactics examples),A1F翜"sg?.u<9F;rZ}0\ٓ$y mq93mk},wx-1r])+aX)o%r]%&hf =Gc Tarrasch says: White will now pull the d-pawn to e4, attack it with f3,recapture with gxf3, attack down the g-file, and win. (I PREDICT THE FUTURE - CHESSPLAYER'S AMAZING CLAIM) All predictions fulfilled!8V U6wEqn/<H - Q椝ɉr,6ԏSa<">J[6 ;H6T,B&E%B \:I:W>Kr])&p.]$E>_Y&^$!=ʰu=b]58g6o&hiF[7gAfter playing 13.Re3 Miles spotted 13...Nfd5 14.Nxd5 Nxd5 15.Rh3 Bxg5 16.Qh5but wasn't convinced that it worked (16...Qf6!?) - Clarke also thought aboutit but avoided it. It does show the risks and opportunities of the Re3-h3ideathematic1-0 miles-clarke 1976 (Re8+ Rxe8; Qxe8+ Kh7; Bf5+ mates)a&7azov3C[!AM<16ӈton3 #A5P㟽xR,Rn@u$X bCd "A hacker's paradise" - CHESS magazine The Rook pauses to support the Knight on the half-open e-file We all knew that's where it really wanted to go. Resigns 0-1=AW G^gd3*b:w, W[ PK<ZW%A~ob_KE$dW֏Gz;.N|9!! White's domination of space is crushing, but Tarrasch needs a way in. Thefocus of the White structure is at e6, and here he finds a decisivesacrifice.!1-0 tarrasch-marcob'AḐٌצ+rjhdJcX (x5*2F d7SB JDęHVωD_ćOQOG)FDٙ \Dʟ XN˄SFܚXy˚ Black's lack of space will cost the game. White weaves his way in throughthe loose Queen's-side while Black's cramped pieces can neither defend theQueen's-side nor create counterplay on the King's-side.u& ][$BZCm?mzYSΓOW$NO.-wd sXzXtXe[dRmAM~YaV|N{C`B[xaCsAEyBsxX{ modest, but White is not so much concerned to point a battering-ram aat aweak spot (there aren't any) as maintain a flexible position where Blackwill be less able to re-arrange the pieces to stop White's latest threat. The point of using an open file is to provide an invasion points for rooks,although it's unusual for a Rook to arrive on the seventh, supported by aPawn. Black cannot bear this, but the exchange concedes a monster pawn ona7. Black's pieces are standing on each other's toes and cannot escape theattack of White's pieces. The Black Rook has nowhere to move to."@7N)i]2l@_fnw2q]ll݉1V Oyfԯ깽 1az[y/!VQk(!6}[o 1kvR?tRS/021mWGP>彿?dG][ !| the Anti-Stonewall formation: White has a Queen's-side initiativeseeking exchanges......but not finding thema gesture only  Black is defending the Queen's-side quite well: White switches tack. Thisis the key to understanding space - although Black can theoretically defendany one point, White can make the Black pieces trip up in their rush to doso. White has the initiative on both sides of the board: Black's cramped andpassive pieces will find it hard to cover everything Just when Black has had to cover the h-file......White opens a file on the Q-side. Black's pieces have to rush back, butget in a tangle because they have so few squares. a sad decision: now Black won't be able to oppose rooks on the a-file. This is the concrete manifestation of what I described earlier: Whiteswitching the focus of activity from side to side until Black iswrong-footed.White spends a little time wondering where to put his King; he has the luxuryof seeing how it looks on a few squares before the final push. the last ingredient for the breakthrough is the Knight Ready or not, here we comeelse the a-pawn will simply go after Nb3 this 'family' fork is decisivey` AHC̃.kǼ!.䫚?;RAtW|(J1("K[@ jy[܈΄ rP, ]~ؒTFa.'\cM{B-"orQ7B-8BlIn Black is solid but looks comfortablepreserving the Bd3 now Black needs some ideas White's advantage is settling into concrete threats on the King's-side Black has achieved an exchange, but at cost of weak pawns, which we alreadyknow aboutconfidence!Black reckons the Rook is a drawing factorand White gains materialUþ]Q/V^\g?pdI΋-dꋔ^_j B.-wd S499E~ދ&:ۖMMdF l=)!T.{/ІheÑ*.Ujp•ÐD)tCfypAF##6F ]! ! squashing the Black Knights White dictates the pace on both sides of the board. On which wing will thebig push come?! a feint to the left......penetration on the right......and back on the left, this move seals in the Black major pieces. Blackeventually decides he can't bear the bishop there and sacrifices a Rook forit, but for now the manoeuvre ...Bf8 /...Ne7 is threatened.threatening the pawn on g5Black's Queen-side pieces are obviously out of the main battle, but even theKing's-side pieces are as much targets as they are defenders.1-0u*$l67iV32?VUY%,i\@uo^biޯ̆ՏC "M+70pт?MCh, {.ߢ0C9mփt%|2rXd(摯Z(J戸AU) #}sHh÷5W EiA5G[@t>۠5_0SjD"vt@r4 One GM watching the whole match had been about pawns - isolated, doubled,bloackaded - so they might as well play without pieces!t+95@ෳ# o0>"[͞'t9ǍYMJˎpN; ^o9u*Sʂni.PJ5[N$ m2]aS>!Rja͍V.T !c Z/9gT 2:PO4ܺq s^ƛd~d^)vY:the position actually arose by a different move orderis similar to the gameright idea against IQP but too early This is the key move of the game, and thematic for this section. White getsaway brilliantly with it in this game, but obviously the downside of thismanoeuvre is that the Rook is very exposed once it is committed to theattack.or+- keeneordoesn't quite work as well*ֲ%Ik] CžȆ?5sӍFsql%Ro3&fDL0'wƊEftc"A  /_V+hs%pzK! uM9JS7Ġ7^܎Dieҥ4KP(qiʨ White's advantage seems trifling - a good Rook on e1 and the move - but israpidly converted through the charateristic d4-d5 break. White can see notactical opportunity in particular, but a general optimism based on openlineswith a strong initiative based on his more active piecesuj3ד$jeETȐqB'tdR3ZMbAa"= &=F@Eڊ׈(x߸4w9SK[nm T/Y$\ZE{\%Zg˿} This key position can arise from a variety of openings.with the e-file open, Qxh7-h8 is mate. A difficult decision. Kotov suggests analysing to a finish from here (!)& Ng5The exchange of Queens is a false comfort. and threats of mate are decisive. (Having seen the end, can you follow itfrom the last diagram.)k2Ze/"Ɵ&ZDj2S a…=xiuFљۆ%zjwhXix]!?Bj`L'̫KBf1@WIk[=s+pQ RČqz]` -A a firm blockade? that's removed the blockade - but can White advance it? the decisiondemands prior exact analysissӣ6dݕW|+R3Cn\Ãr#aܕCV8vB%W²̓7wA 8_dʚp^ 'XlۈDZ&>&W}˒~D ZF-a_!5bAժQ! o嗫@r@;bprovocative provoked! the Nd3 is an ideal blockader, and Black's defensive pieces are uninspiringtypical Petrosian cat-and-mouseshould have castled Queen's-side...White jumps at the opportunity to exchange off Black's better minor pieceyeuchthis Bishop has been out of the game for the most part decisive centralisationmating1'Ԣ@>|߼(3 Éح~}fs[f\@Ta:-˰!A E}8^ͳFވ kU&i>^<䃆2 3`tFΖ[8' '!P$HT^s-1r*Oࡅ+z4NDd4s4! ...Bf5 must be stopped somehow. The Queen is of course a poor blockader(the best is a Knight) but the priority is the blockade.(Nxd4 is threatened)Now the Bb6 is a poor match for the Bg2. Black still has bags of space butmust turn this to account before White re-arranges himself.!a move made in the faith that the tide of Black's activity will turnWe see this device also in the defence of hanging pawns. It opens up asecond front for White's probing rooks. !Another confident move, but White is still boss of the White squares. Whitegains the exchange for a pawn, and it's the only pawn that can stop theBlack d-pawn.!and Black has a choice of whether to lose his d-pawn on d3 or d2.Black is still swinging hard but still not landing anything(cheeky!)pԔ1B//<VyUn+@TԄ*r>2K02~z/!X}OI@Z. &gCF:T)-\o6d;Y"N-Rd^ =~)0XPϋ7o"Zokήb. zP0nAlburtlooks impetuous White has allowed a monster Rook on the seventh$֍ /:+2/43%.4```y%+073 `.h,#!% fn^W#%1:W(h ԐPWhy=#BDŞŅtLwAC>  Steinitz pioneered the defence of the Queen's Gambit Accepted, and usedthis blockade which is now recognised as the standard and best plan forBlack. This metamorphosis to hanging pawns is also now well-known.The tension mounts.An exciting finish.j՟~__$e" ȍ䩖?llbjIrU( 12c4LC +5 ׆В $Fzwը{ !EHVp4?& ZaVB 쏞,VX} BlͫP96hVN.M< Bim$b+= a well-known formation! getting rid of Black's better bishopavoiding exchanges, is better If Black refuses to exchange Queens, White can start a strong attack withh4preserving his better piecelosing his better piece. White now builds up slowly while Black has nocounterplay. In theory Black may be OK (Hartman says he's lost) but in practice below master level White will win these positions over and overagain White has two points of attack.+-W* C R&'{DppŪ mgP]$R?͊:M{}Ϯ j0lPwO*[=-I}uʨ the classic and critical situation: White has the better minor piece and aweakness to harry. Traditionally two weaknesses are regarded as decisive,but is the Bishop a 'weakness' or just a disadvantage? can White forceothers? White has optimised his pieces, but where next? Perhaps a King's-side pawnadvance would have been worth a punt White has transformed his advantage but allowed simplificationEuwe says this game was a turning-point in players' perception of the IQP: ifa technician like Flohr couldn't make the weakness tell, perhaps it wasn't aloss. The traditional recipe calls for TWO WEAKNESSES for a win in theending.x/cע &L Eꯆʗ34eٟ^ct!G V'AFk¼†7#{Yghv3V T^Ys+c6n@g>1Q [zG>qZ5fdWErLU 7p2CJRr$q&fk  6UVuover-optimisticobjectively best}Uֵ5_k/r)mڔ$Ki&r2|4UWl؋ݶoG [QvbҴÊ@ kK7&?t@dM)}zZwU܋*#xHxNN#5j3sqvƥ  "#w,l This well-known position can arise from a number of openings, including theQGA, Semi-Tarrasch and c3 Sicilian. Petrosian's method of playing forequality is now well-known.but difficult to win looks weak, but White finds it hard to organise an attack.fS1'}ډS`*t{S)Y߲﹁ō{^sDqg7(C㤖% {AJmHoD~ljMlzkQlZxYVlceymhoiqiS'bTgT Now the c-pawn is backward Black must undertake to advance it. The Rook stops the advance of both the c- and e-pawns, which means Black'sBishop and other pieces will remain constrained. Chernev suggests adding up the legal moves of the pieces of each side. Hereckons White's pieces are worth twice as much as Black's! We now enter a newphase, where a second front is opened on the King's-side. Something has to give.threat Qb7mַ9Fe8*~L D|<Eʩو{ڶ,J]>0ҙV8 pߋ>E];v|This Nimzo-Indian move threatens to double the c-pawns by Bxc3: White resolvesto avoid this.So the doubling happens on f3 not c3!?wasn't pretty, but Black has fewer trumps in this position!?? (But why not play this natural move?)(...Penny dropped!)!' 幚Y\(O"0>"UЎ!tw] > f5ro ;H6@2W-]=@,t%@'r4S:S?]=H#I-uW)B<_?\<@=D1G,A8N*)A-O&ON)J&Y-*Y'y(s%z)sH.B,_"Morphy would probably have been very much surprised if anybody had told himthat only ten moves later White pieces would be settled permanently on f6 andh6" here we are...'ձ1- ,'x/pÔ&NNd`9g6 -؀;:XRT5w뤧N/ d}7 E>'>A[^G1}*VBr3##))=#,",57<-#9 22;2>11 =2/:'mאIXPKg63I_Ղ!l;¬݉KUJ$@^Na/|f^/m0Ċ奄Z[ /_H:kn:[Ryѱ;ؚR>Rpө?JS szߡw JjFl!b!KTN*#zvUUH$9uӪh:ph5F #c7 Nimzo-Indian Defence (Samisch variation) Symmetrical English Modern DefenceCaro-Kann Defence Bronstein-Larsen variation Tartakower Variation French Defence, Burn Variation French Defence, Winawer Variation Ruy Lopez, Exchange Variationy&Sn] gN2r m( isolated pawn )( pawn island )( hanging pawns ) Nimzo called this posture "blockaded security"active use of the a-pawn was a Nimzo favourite?!... 0-1 rubinstein-nimzovichA'20Sru_{YcUbQ{Qg 0^wW0G~ðc_~׹ ,~&ROHs$hqa.  6bb\^@_o' 5"+?!! White is not well-placed to harass the pawns, while Fischer is making useof his own trumps.? (Nxe6) It's "make your mind up" time!?(oops)wX%ךu۶JZ.4<7u),MX]nr9neUOlu8B2CI;QzȚ,^Y;iz ݼ8NRn\ʶ?FF~y1г/HS&le¥*˟6gOHfkzP6Thܒu8BTSzr߯ j[+<,Dr؀Y(-'[d]qiA,$Mh͌Ffk4I6n4U!ꈖ0 YPfbͶ뾛ƭBTGT5.86q܀%SJ5%#j0UPhΎ& $&R{ˋ2ݐHmtm{n? ]nfʙՍgNgaOB3+"L tӎ6LgxW H8# @iЋ&ՍEzmkZ B7-'W{i There are two isolated pawns: which is weaker? Now there is only one. It is not exposed on a half-open file, so can Whitedefend?a typical preparatory probeBlack's pressure on the d-pawn cannot be increased. So Black opens up a newpoint of attack.Lasker said when he saw this that he was lost. Black has his two points of attack.I think not really a blunder, more a desire for clarity.picks up the b-pawn anyhow White still has two points to defend. Both sides are repeating moves: Capablanca because he can, Lasker because hehas to!the final push: Black creates a passed pawn poor White can do nothing`֞% [{Lx1.  Jk>č UuE3x ?S-N'u^b~M}4ݺZ&Lk? Black must prevent Kg4, so ...Kg5 is necessarythe game is drawnagain, Black is in zugzwang, and must give way allowing the f-pawn to advance;once it reaches f7, the bK must go to f8, and the wK can go 'round to supportthe other pawn.I x#֓h\EKtn֓F",y:%b! %WĤek@Ǯ3\СldG 䋀!KHd }@-ႄ)^ȧkK*憈#M˯f k@ White has the classic advantage of Bishop against Knight with pawns on bothsides of the board. Black also has the disadvantage of having his pawnsadvanced and fixed, with an entry point on the Queen's-side. Black is being stretched. zugzwangg'i]MSFȣ X%JћHHF܁H:j[ L[XOمL; Belse Bf4 and h5 frees the wKand Bh4-g3-f4white can make no further progress with the Bishops, so offers to exchange thestrong Knightand White eventually had to settle for a draw.Endings with the pawns all on one side are ALMOST ALWAYS drawn if the superiorside has 3 pawns or less, USUALLY drawn if he has 4 pawns the bishops are at their worst in blocked positions, and in positions wherethe pawns are all on the same side. Here, even an extra pawn may not beenough to winAf` @#ךXYi Hioč"̌A!A%$yD d JhmƒvbDw@%$8B 2vCP1\5-H|{̧ |:fy`;Q<-Itjƽd )(aWG)Z<+M}nͫg>cRA+[=9%HZ"M1"mB׎>JDabm=7Oߜ&= }j@/another theme is to exchange a B for N leaving pawns on the colour of the Ba ``:;NUOmd>o;U|yժ&?\ ՅuWIﲐɤs 5aX?M8]k̬{=`!!White cannot improve his position any more, and breaks through with sacrificeto create a passed pawnwas simplerA``` :7Z Z๝y{Vp3\ɾ@[Qa positional blunder!! an isolated pawn may be serious enough for a forced lossf@ff  `5[iS,_|C!@ejl L&EH4 wuѹ,[U#aj[&GKͤݞnֱ2^U6{videa Bc5?! a tough one: White has to work hard for an opening before running out ofpawns; Black's pieces are more actived`f a͘ 5%8wՉYdui/_D)i륚ɒ7&܁PD-<J41l_ke+_nm'టdgblija ad iarsomqpfdkuahaaaae cdaoas!!!! and Kf2-e3xe4!!0-1 here Black is a pawn up, but must play carefully because he is unable tocramp the knight``  #4F}/-5VONc+SＳIYԙ%}s)Vہ粖"ofmd 0p[\w< *y]Uv3 +wHTk.2p_W Against a doubled pawn the two bishops will generally be able to force again of material, or an outside passed pawn.` (6߸̍|}`mdbg 4A\a{-4K[k!ISYк [#kp+6P\1jvͥ.YW0uwݰ7Poutside passed pawnand the d-pawn decideswhere there is a weak colour complex the two bishops can usually clear a pathfor the king by constricting the enemy pieces0@``` r֙>,U;x]z|/i$~_ј7:ƙJlGVq*e(D4M睷z sIx6Ӧ1ROsE< .hx/3}N /@0u4qƓ(Kfˠpml$u0ho ՓANv\'乽\$.ѫghS-:HobCꌁghF$酃(Låc m'stalemating' the knight - a common ideaalso winssome delicate footwork on both sides here! it's the opposite coloured Bpossibilities that are at issuetransposes to the previous note Here, the first three steps can be regarded as complete`@c  3IˬeYކјkP*, ?ӭ.B;J䵆eR"'gXd,Ǘ?p Ih]9ykdU$ݻ4K9G; 7bD}$31R,K'iU27fpHq-ܰ5P D'stalemating' the knight - a common ideaalso winssome delicate footwork on both sides here! it's the opposite coloured Bpossibilities that are at issuetransposes to the previous note:֡!I$͗鼁?h}fhHY~[~+&=A !c$=Yx Xܞ c7d(vo&Ces$۾i~>4)55Cnt9&b$86g!cramping the Black piecesthreatening b4-b5 and if ...axb, the a-pawn will not recapture but run to a8.So, if the pawn gets to a5, it cannot be stoppedand if now?and the win is not straightforwardthe second step is over; now we have the fourth ideawinningand soon won`@@ sK6ARuUbýZqC0 Yc@0Ty 0r0QyD޹W`5 a=@^Zm<`qLs% #w=IQW?? cb hoped for a draw, but the Bg5 is too bad Finally there is opposite coloured bishops theme in the following gamebelongs in the 'blocked pawn structure' section, but soon becomes blockedfd@f`%א(5ܝ㼁3rzknv_M|R"˝! ?1:/4+ <"++)+0w+095/. +,6 8: >33 7sJ6!'eӈTwjn3UB-sPQ‹5bYR}h%"RG?VC㿕Ȗ< t|o6gR}(W`2"Jrwūf6fSK$Q?! Now the wK penetrates and the bishop is short of squares. The rest of thegame is an object lesson in how difficult it is to defend with a bishop whenthe pawns are on the same colour.also wins`d` /6߃|0"!#l/% .7+l!)``s"3/`.)'`!%#,5 7=Go˒F_/ @qՌCD !K|ċ%cZ ^dǐpH"XuÒE[( Nwکj>"MhӈLweS,, Nc՞`P1#FfeG'.FbDžN-+zM Concedes the exchange for some attack Black's piees are placed as well as they can be, so now we see the break.However, this may only serve in the long run to open lines for the Rook.White decides to give back the exchange to get chances to advance the g-pawn. Forcing the exchange of Rooks, which are often a strong drawing factor.giving up the g-pawn for the b-pawn0-1. The change of front has left White with a pawn which can Queen on a darksquare, and the Black King with difficulties in approaching. Black resigned,but Averbach later worked out an amazing save (used by Fischer vs. Taimanov).! and Black rushes around the back._'ǟI ,O R-Bh&v,,? Uw\ ?5%I -C6$߅!C tP)"z*WY>ceMΣ "2v9CUWc9+s2/${H1ZFCĐ3ozG*Hʧa 1H"肈(BHj i1H(䍀*MíggK-*Od lC,㏃!? (that break again)perhaps hasty!-+with good chances for White-+wins!and resigns: White has been pressing throughout, but Black now threatens to equalisewith ...Rc7.`f^ rָ)0.zהzif1I V-o K縖όhw6Z~iu?AB%\G颺Ֆ 8Ƃ^xnresigns. But is the position before 25.Ne2 totally lost? The Knight is tieddown, but the Bishop has to stay on g4 to keep it there, and meanwhile the Knight is guarding all the entry squares Against a youthful Julian Hodgson, White is paying the price of playingGrob's Attack!0``` `'&K!0wڕTwjn3UB-wYLѲ첛ȅrb;Uzgl1HV)]Ȇ<}߹7]Y7pcompleting the stranglehold Black is two pawns up with a passed d-pawn and control of the e-file. Whatis the best way forward? Double Rook endings can be difficult to win.fPr ?ԠJ rJ6vۀm KT 8%z=>UOlܑݚ-./'p7Wd;wbKwins easily White swaps off into a won K+P ending, but it isn't as easy as White firstthought. Simply 47.b2-b4 would have been stronger.n``nP.`j>D *Au)΁ w|1Oej)DdAe8D# ej؋lE mbC$ L‰dN..Loǎg(that move again) how do you assess this position?resigns: advanced Rook pawns do draw against K+Q but not K+Q+P! White is a pawn down but seems to have everything covered. Black must do something active to break through. ``6`ָ! A>&5ZP2BL_߀͆q9i.Kȍ#;glu2V&Fj; [m{B$Բ4Rg(ObWhite has the choice: leaving the rooks on may have been easier Butdraws easily! I'm not sure how to categorise this one: Black thought he was transposing into a won K+P ending because of the protected passed d-pawn, White presumablythought it was won. Who was right?fPf^` l휬Xُ5mU4N_ԙ:xRsfEL浇:{Zf3\Aๆ8}HECPRQVGHDHPHLJSCJVJVJHIICBCEBGtwo pawns now go, but it's still got to be won Black has wriggled well but this K+P ending is won for White Finally, an ending to demonstrate the resources that may exist when all seems lost. The key to this ending is the greater mobility of the rook, and the ability of the wK to gain entry on the White squares.`P+e׫+]HIś]Iȣ X%Cц]A֏™ HZً[ ښSZם_ҍF a real-life version of the famous breakthrough``` $PşE +Mxg N*E N8Hd Jhmƒv^D- Giw^ )sv-!Cs%/`p(.gTtl /st>#js5hۿ.pt,4v~5ay>/9y/ White seems to have fair prospects - none of the pieces have much scope, andBlack cannot switch side easily. Capa gives a lesson in manoeuvring withthe heavy pieces in the ending... By little steps and threats, Capa has worked his pieces into placeA marvellous manoevring game which reminds us of the finest achievements of...Nimzovitch!k - /ie72ׂ?LX͵X|dw~7RW$+[ Ott %5b.wЃ scR55i˩{wG)*UJjx,WD ȟQ@LW76hͣ}Qby White has a passed pawn. Usually this is an endgame theme, but here we seeit throughout a middlegame with Queens. not the best blockader, and the other potential blockaders are quicklyexchanged.It's not a very good bishop, but once it is exchanged White's own dark-squaredbishop will have no opposition in its prosecution of the advance of the d-pawn(threat Qe8+)simple as that ״BЀ͆kpݱ!a vfgdv_MA~4cs@Iy[BEȀ "$!Tj˜ :؞OPOzJI&!, YcuL5ʉVmhIZ7(> Ernщ:Nr`{^\-=*Fw΂H[m! KUFTE !!!1-0#iַݔqDDن4(-  vfgdv_MA~40>FR+q1X_܌ rG:0 ,t ]DCl6n@PQ%$f:]qMD.ia?$x3l how can anyone spin a win out of this dry stuff?White cannot afford to have Black open a file Black's domination of the Q-side is impressive.rook on the seventh an unusual mid-board mate in an ending. Remarkable: White's pieces canhardly lift a finger between them.xլ [&3(204/).c-$,%$.z2/3f-.2`)/!%`!. 9K\nx;NPX{k˼1Z6Pͨ}{^M;Z0g1Ɨ&qRvv The IQP is often compensated by free development, but Black actually is wellbehind in development. A complex endgame has arisen, where Black is also striggling to mobilise. exhanging the opponent's better bishopcf. strategy section on the IQP Black's problems persist: how can he mobilise the Q-side?which is awkwardwith a B for N advantageBlack mobilises his King's-side pawns to try and restrict the White pieces. The final phase.1-0and the mate threats decide.x&41uڃbcv$U f_ F縖όh0yݍshfvO 5V WǕ! oiT<:VҬol&q&JƺGf h}-M.meS쟚9Cޠrec=ꝢXĿzM!솅2I The appearance of the doubleton.While Black is still getting sorted out, White quietly takes over the e-file.White is threatening an invasion on c5 after f2-f3.[Just as Black seemed to be patching up his pawns, this comes!] Black's pawns are still very wobbly, but it is only through having moreactive pieces as well that White can show this clearly.Counterplay rather than passive defence is a good rule in (rook) endings. White shows a certain amount of disrespect for the force of the counter-attack. White has judged things properly: Black has one trick left but White hasmaterial to burn.No more teasing, let's make things clear here.   ,tql>\Q[!%g*NnղQYV{`򴆇AW(e?8qр,@\Nj,rD%2dXBpm;P5nNn ="TL^w({arAGc&!2o? 1. Exchange one pair of rooks only. 2. Deflect wR to h-file, control d-file3. Attack e5, tying up pieces and undermining pawns. 5. Invade with king( prevent counterplay )( prevent counterplay, prevent complications )( use your king )( establish clear plan and follow it )( don't be on a hurry. improve your position )( follow your plan )( don't be in a hurry )( use your king )! ( change plan if we're going to play a knight ending )( use your king )( passed pawns must be pushed )( avoid complications ) 0-1 ( black is two pawns ahead and has all the play )Annotations are from MEDNISY֝"]~5!)[Di+DͳPƏ/pia ņ8modX~ '_"GG%mLb,hW%v? The key themes of this position: rapid development, open lines, exposed kingand giving up material or development - have little to do with the ending(pawn majority, rook on the seventh, active king, etc.)?with about equal materials٠ YFs51쉜= KI~7DͳPƏ/pia ņ8modX~ n[="`$HM@p4b(eg 42aHQJa>|5 dU30 v+L a more complex queenless middlegame in modern master play?! Black was afraid of Nd3 & b4 White is better developed and starts to open lines - again, classicmiddlegame ideas, but not so much in the ending when direct attacks havelittle chance of success.and Rd1still working for open lines Black is struggling.?`Akvus^z Qt)3Î6FUcyPⲩ_ԝ%9 &QǏ!eK t|-<` 1W樠b)yJ.n! ^/<㻨$$質k'f䥣h3*xc5=~ྯ?+h4:$q滦`>of course transposes to the Philidor, but I thought the text was critical!this idea my opponent showed me the following day; I think it equalises White is better mobilised but needs a breakthrough. The next phase showsWhite trying various ideas and angles but not finding anything terribly convincing.was worth a punt - next game! White has a pawn but it is very vulnerableis interesting:how to keep the pawn?determined but inadequate: ...b5 will bring the house down An ending has arisen: Black needs one more move to secure at least the draw.? Knight endings are harder to draw than rook endings but Black hoped to sacthe knight for the K-side pawns and blockade on the Queen's-sidedraws, I'm pretty sure, making use of the active Knight in cooperation withthe Rook.may even be better for Black some careful footwork secures the win The usual crisis: defend or counterattack?saves a move, but is still too late`gS&sֈE>&N7MfQHM븕’7+q܃tipvH+ CgՏsT639UoS;:GF`^ 1,NfՀmU/Am߃YzK# Ms䞾bX.)cړOI  M`ãmMZeˀxъ& Cb՜lH2RܞvP#/ֈ5lTA}9 This is the Exchange variation as played by Lasker. White hopes to createa passed pawn on the King's-side while Black has no such opportunity.$AjY ^٣_lɆ̊k|'{KL̀ī0hbfsJ3P T\Tr9G=gv0got the idea? we've gained another rank! draw?``Ն)l +󪏜:;lmeWt\Pt{/6R+608w5<(7G 9 =<<+-+-+-critical - on the other side the bK gets in the way of checks from the bR,and the wK can make a little shelter for itself behind the P. When thedefending king 'TAKES THE SHORT SIDE' there is no refuge for the wK.=== the White K is in, but has no escape from the checks! a tense position: on whose side will it resolve? 5-piece Rook endings(KRP/KR) all hinge around access of the sixth and seventh ranks in front ofthe P by the attacking King - if it can be kept out, the defense holds! `P2,)ԊÐdA"o> BÁ=.T }Lp' WG}p>HH/-x(U~bݎd (JcN2 m zb~ 0Ӿ!s"CQ$!7HqoE3 csIv/ַ5U0VhG?aɾz6Wx2P)CwXfY9jJg"ߵx!^QQ3vaAq&ߠ> Capa's play in this ending was so strong and convincing it took people awhile to realise that this type of ending is probably a draw in theory?ideaor 48.Kg4,f5+;49.Kh4,Kf6;50.Ra7,g5+ and matesthe game from Chernev gives this move as the game continuation, and then...DIAGRAM this is the same position as in chernev's bookthis also looks good:this looks good, but fails:IDEAhaving been lured to g4 there is no check for the rook on the e-fileelse the Black K will run up the Q-side at the checking White rook...and White resigned. So impressive was Capa's play that for years bookssuggested that this ending R+4P v. R+3P was a win, even with all the pawns onthe same side of the board. Now, improvements for Duras are known.`* W'v.v)DDcl3r-\(F=7vpEnow there is no shelter on the board from the checks Black K has control of the queening square and bR has control of the sixth` PS"9?q\y~kÏlK^& Weg%̌O%Eq\;20>YGu'gn@-the critical manoeuvre: 'BUILDING A BRIDGE'although the 'bridge' manoeuvre is always emphasised in the books, there isalso a win by getting the king out on the short side, e.g.This is important because the bridge-building manoeuvre may not be available,and vice versa. White has control of the sixth/seventh with the K and the bK is cut off `l&*~~*d|%3;l}9!yfx;8k-<-8h}f۷9F#JbT:fpPv,`PN6,hMZ6 h}Pc%A:C7A旪j\3 wCc(߶8Y'LqT2 b`Pv6Already denying the King cover.Now White should activate the King because Black cannot respond in kind: White has achieved nothing, because he had no plan and no suspicion whatBlack was up to.pointlessly giving up more material the Philidor draw, which I didn't know then, but I do now...c"@a ispoڗ(CVO/f?:/\VǠ:o[[]55N.8~W0w]=E?%ۈ!Jziڎ ^`d׊NK"]#M&e[dѬL,H`Oni=X?ڟ(KvmBabViq#Z_qȽh2QL+]soltis?! soltis: cf. regis-ayres 92!?!?!!??!?!(Sealed: R 19.Qf3)!? White has pressure but Black shouldn't encourage him.?! The Rook ending is clearly better for White.?! Just pushes the Pawn in range - see later. Black's Rook is active.?!when it's still a fightBlack's Rook is passive.!This is what I meant about it being in range.Awful - all you have to do is count.a'fՄBʿU |'i є㰟8fq!Qv^@Qt5*s\8yMYކј M)>Fnu9*q],>c׆W(- OJ9UJf#5E9 '^qcޗpW%)CnˌdI%YkTfԈCP#%Obook?! Black wins a pawn and initiates a few exchanges. If you are losing, exchange pawns, particularly if you can clear those onone side of the board, and hope to get into a drawn ending.! The last Queen's-side pawn goes. White still has problems because of theadvanced King's-side pawns.?gives more winning chances? really anything else would have been more worrying the basic draw: Philidor's position. Clearly White has been steering for this since move 33!`触Ƒ[OWdžfk:%KQ̑'h'#eO|LV?-0KC+5 DɈĄ.w3^@Oi/oF^>;&cfKCn+l>ٓiM 7j9UGDw#gwEUl,b\]b|i@v3'.uk eѧv^>e'gEp4P oFW *o1FFOvlgQ4>`-^h* gS21LG\<2{#p:QSu".z0HSm8qjD/6~wKC˚7 bF2 qeUQp5e%lEIl,CYPc9z7Lf"suggested by PL immediately after: 20...Qc5? 21 Qb3! +-we later suggested 27 Kf2 as better!is simpler and safer; analysing on the night I missed the strong ...d4! may be better!?is more likely to tempt an error?all like the game but with the d-pawn not the e-pawn - the 'bridge' is easierand the wK is on the long sidePL missed this one! I did wonder about ...Ke4 but PL was not impressed... This is of coursebetter, giving Lucena's win, but Black didn't half make heavy weather of it.The wK is well-placed on the 'short side'an important finesseyou can tell Black can remember about 'building a bridge' but this is tooearly!is trivial...looks much simplerwe've got all this way but something's still not quite right...... penny dropped!+-a tough game!aiׄ㴝10N9.ش'hxq*dAS{7T]ԟ8i"|Fԙ:xRs/T潃 |9#q泥r)RS$8xĹ! |tc%-px/k｡i:7gc7 x幹~$=z淼g!5֣ ǀ"~$Hs@~TQ_w)'÷ QKJSd6Eީ߆փ'|& t|K)!TݦF"he0'GӢd `Z!YŦwiX=0IͬzA;5^JeaP ,J Black appears to have better Rooks, but the Q-side pawns are advanced andvulnerable. This vulnerability costs Black the a-file, and that costs himthe activity of his Rooks. White is well placed to attack several Black pawns. We are now in a single-Rook ending. Black now gives up the open file.a׊$4B-}{dž:C'q?x0^-Ƌ%,<ڕjPzl_5M #X(DkV< f nothing happens`Pa.Qﰚ̭J }M7v*qDkŧv{0g@-Hf;oRϗW the a-pawn is nearly there, but with a distant wK everything can (just) beheld``PaY,Q0yݍS|bk8B(bM`=bs܂Xu<"&J4A6 this is quite different - with the other wP further away from the short sidthere is a skewer opportunity. once you know you can steer for this one youcan win from more complex positions`PaDlډ'$\Z{cA] )my8h"N PAXJR KZXQfF;C{TBHEDIc|Q|O{\EUROX @V@UB_ĔTKJH KKcQYBVDAVN{Celse 31.Rg7 rook on the seventh?this counterattack fails, because of White's strong King and K-side pawnsusing the f-pawn as cover!! by declining the Kxb6 capture White's K gets shelter2#d4әkV'SJh㯝ց;nWД^sk"~:G'OP‹5b`ӔYgu""C )VĪ~{N/M֫dC-䂍%Kȡd kJ&4Gel@/ An early Rook ending: White is better not just because of the neater pawnsbut because he can immediately activate the Rook.Clearing the third rank for the Rook. White is poised on both fronts.The only break, which also allows Black to become active.Defend or counterattack?is hopeless: so Black must counterattack.White has an h-pawn. Can the lone Black Rook do enough to compensate?,fֵy+ Dm;2@Iu-v +NN'(qe܃=r1ڄ@ z#%d梧b-)~b(;v䲩t?(oϷN%0zi6'xM3$uγ{>.{L?3cd=/`3N87|3#v㰾~>-w깣d9${*kWaŐ0 T DTIC g/78gԊ=@ X"C.^z6l,_T4fR&*?_lvI= a, }WO=:]}űF#`KOg$RƓܟ \N9(sAy\=L$ a. Can you suggest a more active line for Black instead of this move?{N.B. all answers are DR's and not BCF's!} b. Would 7...dxc4 be better than this move? Give a simple reason for your answer. c. This knight move turns out badly for Black: can you suggest a sounderline of play for Black to pursue? d. Is this line with 12...Qc7 better than the line played? Support youranswer with two or three moves of analysis. e. Is this move a waste of time? Explain your reply briefly.No. Black threatened 13...c5 breaking up the White centre - 14.d5 in replyfail to 14...Nf6. f-i. What is the bad effect of this move for Black? (Weakens f6/h6)f-ii. Do you think 13...c5 would have been better (Looks a lot more to thepoint but allows 14.Ng5 e.g. 14...Bxg5; 15. Bxb7, Rb8) g. Would you give this move a "!", "!?" or "?" ? (I'd give it a ! foropening up lines to exploit White's advantage in mobility.) h-i. Should Black have played 16...Bxd5?h-ii. Give 3 or 4 moves of analysis to support your answer.? i. How would White have answered instead (i) 19...Rd8, or (ii) 19...Nb8?(i) 19...Rd8; 20.Bc7(ii) 19...Nb8; 20.Re8j. How would White have answered 21...gxf4? Give two or three moves of analysis. k. How would White have answered 22...Be6? Give four or five moves ofanalysis l. White can now win quite quickly by playing either (A) 24.Bxf6, or (B)24.Nxf6+, or (C) 24.Rxd4. Give analysis to demonstrate the win in each case.q?Xӕ Ze/-셌=W Rg0EHȀkx:,њLJ8hajo Q7e}ڥ;CԱڛ^=1K90~ͨОc ^K(I q_֪Zێ&9aq7-M_mO;-nb!҃p ԜdYɢ1rfU;?y XM8^aU8R{ӽ0Xrplanning to bring the rooks to the centre and play ...e6loss of time?"achieving ...e6 is everything" -- NUNN - to get the pieces activeeverything else loses material what about the doubled, isolated e-pawns?they are not standing on an open file, and (b) the square e4 is not availableBlack's pieces are better and he has the initiative - so White pawns are weakthus far Nunn calculated in the gamewhen e6 is weak-+ idea ...Qxc2/...d3(a)material must be seen alongside time, space, potential, structure(b) 'the certainty of having to apply yourself vigorously' (LASKER) after sacelse ...Bh6irresoluteorare both very promisingsqueeze playpiece activity rather than passed pawn - what an outpost!if there is any doubt about this move, you should go slow with ...b4this is the difficult thing to think of - a second sacrifice, and against areally bad bishop which is in fact holding the King's position0-1 NUNN & GRIFFITHSm..m!l7*m!m%!!9)z!33-.`9`.`,"0!% "j;MOSgz3|`(#?`1AwC~ comment +-uU׳ {Nx-^EDՇ?| $BА2zgghXgL yW;% .d>  White to move: Spassky has pressure but the press room GMs couldn't see howto proceed!! a creeping move which suddenly leaves Black with no way to patch up3"2>u%*zƓ^?vc:CZ+QGǎ!1,Xvof7CB0Kˍ7 t2Eberlin defence, rio de janiero variation a gorgeously messy linea quiet move in the midst of an attack is the sign of the master - DUMONT(else Qf7)o׻5".cՇ@am{{S nSC㺋Ջh%w߃P}t"&G!Gґ+ P`6ڼ2L=Q씮kR-!cb`U2<ݤ"X(b培lI5"i~ start here against an opponentud׻3 JVFf(9h1%᰹sћa/amPS\ G_&eq2m!\SصX{%z-Id irƪt)uM6i 2 Ccgݼj 'NRC=[ start here against an opponentt٘m#FOap9ssUEd݈=.FՅ]La' g,*~`˾P撣ד-*itc*9T%1'v="s`6;#%g4t:$r-zu3 thK;jM+also =has more attacking potentialis the book move? "with decisive attack". Just plunge in: you can at least regain one piece whenever you wish, still keeping the K exposed. NUNN & GRIFFITHS-+??"om֯6&qe"+p%,#w=)jd+)vi4r8x4ᨹhhg+&ydxhi}1 O='[ūFoP%m 'h>ܼ*rU-od, c>"all of this is extremely complicated and therefore I played after no morethan five minutes' thought"...(Nimzo analysed briefly:)"now it is necessary to analyse several variations which are roughly equally good:" "with a strong solid game and chances of attack" - NIMZOe5-+D#-f:=ڻ[P, O4z\kW߄ii~PJjNb?>"e2%s䤫`>pOW%(x幫h20q D+e White's pieces must restrain the Black central pawns. White starts a pincer movement.eּ۬# |m6h8IhܖН4.P ^fjᢤ.18?؎) I DP/4@}qа}"x_=U#'=Ris˲y.9 gxL%Y!; Basman has made a career out of this sort of thing. Basman has argued that Kings are safe in the middle (actually in this gamehe did castle) as long as you don't move the central pawns. It all depends onwhether your opponent can open lines, which depends on pawn mobility.i]3 ˂渝q3jq(\uU F[Rb6-8NCUc+O_˄kt% ?]%I:O8]+H7M NX&ST8X[?sSb8Wٮ1}Uz;Tਕ?u[4: U^I.+&Goz%`/dVi%\ d]c8w P`Vy White may threaten the sacrifice Bxh7 one day, and Qh5 will force weaknessesopens the game for the two Bsbullying the Bd3 This is the critical moment.???with winning attack: Rae8, Rf8-f6-g6was anticipated by P, with compensationgֺVRFnv'|-Q!:+VRKgf ~xXr G4RגmK2Ge] 64"Sn^>!yr_c2ϳ In these opposite-side castling positions it is typical for each side tobelt down towards the opponent's King. Who will get there first? The answeroften lies in central control, although the King's-side is easier to defend. no question about who has the advantage in the centre;F P3+y4t#QTLb,3x9Inמ;.@ 05obxΠt$5EQ\!" one of the most famous examples of a central counter to a wing attack%ѝA9-QՇ?0܁BGA?g, Q좀ǎ17xƃ ~Y$+Lpʒw^(6+lrؐ5UJltg=|˓&Hym =P`F5Ec83%`&Kg=mɘopens the b-file and loses d5 as an outpost, but the Q can now move the K-side attack is now White's only plan White is bluffing: he'll never get to play his N or B into the attack. -+resignsj)~f] _~D q8qւwOFSA/f8h1B߉#oT m@$-Zeˆl^ 7(&McʄFd 9!ZišbD$8CmʛvG7) EmGbN.>;]qН~@#2Uthe first capture after some heavyweight manoeuvresplay on the wing......is best met by play in the centrenΓ" Vj5YXcz;% φqxlmuXHWkb5/u=JLRk,k'He!y7+2XFHx|z dq7<g%QWD~%j셄s help...! - but Black has no need to despair: the N+Bc4 are good pieces,and Blackburne would have warned White not to attack without first developingthe Queen's Rook. The half-open f-file is also a Black trump.exploiting the position of N+BA good practical decision, keeping the initiativeIt's hard to see a way forward for White, but the next move solves the problemof the Bh4.more centralisation Ha!0-1`## ;6މSh&/vC5WFV祖Ä<',C|rg$R-@뢛Ɍ< *WtX5])I|aڵ3Defence by strong point: White cannot go through e5 so must go around.the inventive Gyula Breyer came up with this re-positioning.Defence by counterattack. If White exposes the weakness on d5 with dxc5,dxc5 Black can suddenlyenvision ...c5-c5 and ...Na5-b7-c5-d3! Black is very solid and flexible.moQe3= UҸٷ5o]f3PFŴ3sV{uZԟ;iHq. ŁIFoV֫_Sê ESE3ݍ^AS AI3֞F  Black is in deep doo-doo. No reason to start going backwards...already too cooperativewinningtimman started to look flusteredneatintermezzothings still aren't clear, but both sides were happy to escape intactyְ/,3 4i)+9]v^@P~.7? L{.ߨ-A'\׋z]!ayDcg6ǡ'Ad&Cl}-@~ed%ά%P;d׍ White's bishops are glaring at the Black King, and he plans to break open lines with f4-f5 - nasty!threats ...Ba6 and ...bxa3really, the attack has gone now, and Petrosian's next move, giving up a pawn,is not justified!Black has a monster pawn and siezes the initiativet \ወ_PebߣL ^" -}|ڒ#@M9]#/U'p&I5^>p7N'^-7C(G9X-9T*J%t&B8\5^4r!r(r \CD(F*r()W'B#ưw+L#q=M7L;rMy first move for March!2. c4 was as much as I knew; anxiety over the loss of my c4 pawn led me todevelop the infamous Regis opening 1 d4, 2 Bf4 with e3 & c4Clearly still influenced by patterns seen in Chernev's LOGICAL CHESS ... ?? I'm still (1992) taken with the determined attitude of White here!stilliՑ֒)ɋ:i1™B,j?xoYny1q\>uiRa6)B=dE۶T>Ggb~ ;ƽoY0 dvRp6٦&A#BI thankfully remember little of this game ...a very mysterious rook movecharacteristically building an outpost?almost anything wins here eg. Qe7 ...? "Truly, the players proved worthy of each other in this game!" BotvinnikaWG䶱 5Zb/+왜4#< OTՊkz=3Ȅⷀ%;Bjo vI+,C}ىgB#/veOn}Z! Xuш*FW< Adԓjk1/{Ճs^>$FfۚhS)#_ Black is up the wossname without a doodah. The whole idea of the Modernis to put the White centre under restraint: this looks rampant. Black mustplay......but after...White has a handful of squares.It's only a matter of time before White can play Nc4-d6. Black's Bg7 is awfulTaking advantage of the temporary muddle on the Queen's-side.tempting the wQ off the second rank(tick) Nearly got it......dropped it!5-'2iM!Ii͊9B 7M @" Joa/^%,wɐlI kkT5陈%Iʋm+jK%ӌ?QD{E7 gު$O]S1SMȬamF Ɔ one of the most famous 'lost' positions in chess historythe wrong road to f5 White has some compensationwhen Black's task is simplernerves of steel!tempting but a final errorwith good winning chancesnow only draws at best, but still was the better line White has weathered the stormb\Վ!,SOg` n0 -؀0!QYQr' 5ʎPvgseT> ևaThe Classical variation of the Caro-Kann Defence, favoured by ex-World Champion Anatoly Karpov.Black has a restricted position and is behind in 'development' (=getting his pieces out) but his pawn structure is very solid and White may be tempted to rush things...An enterprising sacrifice, designed to catch Black's King in the centre. But White's King is also in the centre, and Black can just Castle, threateninga terrible pin by ...Re8 if the White Be6 retreats....and Black consolidated and won.bJ TU~$d݋Rw`g8CXV)W ~{Τ=V$iyƘ+wJSb6ՒOL#WأBN)ƞuwڴ$TkmŲ P{ͧ#Hl Black is looking a bit sick.idea ...c5 Not looking much better, but Black can play his first active move: Black still hasn't got the Queen's-side pieces out.winning (variously threatens Bxc8/Bh7+ & Qxf7)Not quite sure why I didn't lose this one. I never gave up and I tried hardnot to look gloomy. White kept the bind but lost the attack.95E~S{vSxTu^sժtd_fհ{=TuQg u=&}e&cὴ{24rpw.z変t( g s Even the young Fischer should know better than...as if to underline the error ĨqeZ]+.9ny#t[nZ]e6"Jւ;̎JucRA&.?_(yƉ?Λ_lopVG 05$KeӅ7˟\|zK H6%" LeԌ Black is unimpressed with White's opening and already has the initiative.Insisting on counterplay in the centre (usual recipe) White's situation is critical - the two bishops are a deadly menace whenthey have open lines like this. White gives up a pawn in the interests ofactive play. Another characteristic turn: Black returns the pawn in the interest of hisattack, but better wasConcedes the exchange, but gets two pawns. Sacrificing the exchange maintains the balance of numbers if not value. Withthe pawns all on one side of the board White will probably draw but still hashis owrk cut out. Black is struggling to find a way through Still not simple for WhiteA familiar draw. b# 1~א]k+r3T 'W겗1x6מ^she3RU/Qຝʼn6 /_H)lt۴;TN#bc*VX7 y?-SR>)|߳5LW5=[v Black is under pressure. He conceives a defensive blockade with a strongknight on d5 supported by a pawn on e6. What pawn on e6? Watch... You could almost fancy Black here.! ʋ"7?@[P)Mg4y*[Ѝ+h1ڎ tVN"3 Sdʊ 0ЫRaOxWO*!0^$c352Sjni@+\5:G H{qΙ? Black realises he will die from f-pawn poisoning soon.when the White Rooks are disorganised.nO )즊4rgjuDXHRg:"6LYm+JX͌$j& w_C8Lɔ2#LiUƷg-}VS C$%^vvϻ o $lN One of the best-known 'lost' positions in chess. Keene once nominatedthis for the worst chess game played at championship level.Now White's attack must succeed or Black's material will win.ni)즊4rgjuDXHRg:"6LYm+JX͌$j& 0-?83:+0 $ )/='!3*,+..W <7.&7*'&׎? %+($"!+$99) .*the improvement![looks a bit aimless?][/\ Nc7 +- STEINITZ] Q-缋0umfs{|TID=*E Ol<E Ƅ;9' #bFS1x"k^Oc({糔Yvx 9eUg.IGX,L Us &"'zOIZ#?{N?!?! (11. O-O)giving up a pawn for attack, as in the second gameoptimistic -+perhaps already an inaccuracy; ...Nd5! says Laskerrather passiveagain, a do-nothing move. 23...h5! would have been awkward...Bb8 was better29...Ng4 was stronger it wasn't too late to recreate the idea in the last note by ...Qc6. Black is still solid but the initiative has passed to White; Black responds bya solid/retreating strategya typical time-trouble movesealedto regain control of the c-file...g5 immediately was betterbetter was ...Nf6transforms the prospects of the Bd3!!c %I6o,I!퀙oYVk}b¯FT!&rg?މ"UT`ppo:UNc7 P"-Npsë,KBX'V2 GuqܪJ=6uEOvA$ퟚ?$SrW6提# assess? white's situation is actually desparate. With this sense of urgencywe can find the idea:? too casual. White was desperate, but this is just the sort of move he washoping for! =+ but with chances to fightwas most awkwardn׺6ٌ.mǽd$ ݟ광#rmdd]v^@X4c=QFyתUQ]Q 5,dq{,AKIjc2s<-ċ,hZOtiJ dX'0t:QWOo0|slVS@ qY}z7e|S^=!pJXGdkZd\e03~AOex4c״z^=!?!?!7 ... Na6eg.! (zok)! (pow)(kazango)!?!?!draw by perpetual?Surprisingly, enough to win a piece?!!y֔SP{ua>TO4\GȆz!KLh`:x1 Jo#ŧ%A$A㈾pL:t6aKj>ܦ*DvF%u How would you defend the Black King.An exception to the "don't move pieces near your King" rule. The normaldisadvantages (weak on h6/f6? lever open with f4-f5/h4-h5) don't apply, andBlack can blockade on g6.k ‚|phpqK|AHUt5&˕: @e8 vWAv' &[odˍHH+KP]nt> ,Mk`Ҍ4r2(bt White threatens to open up the K-sideDemands a price for open lines. The other strategy would be ...g5, which is also known in this type of position.The placing of the Bishops show White sees no great hopes for the g-file. The f-file doesn't look much more promising. Meanwhile, the c-file whichBlack has had all along, needs caution from White.A dynamically balanced position.iWJ=Y^etWi\_~~ETu^sժ|U0^q]u !gMXR)0q)']Hc*oCKd4Z)(-bByɎzto allow ...Be7? The danger signals were all there to be seen; Black is opening the centrewhile well behind in development with his king still two moves away from castling. White's tactics are no accident, but inherent in the position.seeing that this line condemns Black to a passive position, Dlugy decides topre-empt White's c4 by playing ...c5 himself, but this plan is tactically unsound. How can Black stem the flood?and e6/Nf5 \Qg݂ͦ>u`m!j\o pHUt5&˕: @e8 kM? 4`-cvDs*W q`- ?gCPj5`ޤh_+6}9 White has all the open lines he wants - why is this an exemplary game?Black returns some material to seal a line - the e-file.Exchanging attacking pieces is a theme we have met before.qZֿ?@uBc^tCc0QtU~ 0^tW0Q{Cc 4!ig*|15k(yg!#wh-e White's Queen's-side majority is a big engame plus, so White was startledby...Black will only enter an endgame on certain conditions!is the only testing continuation The threat of ...Nb4 eventually prompts the exchange on e6Black has no problems and even won.$jz"B@P<B"z|oVׄn2@[P. Ew7{d 7zVBv]l7pziTS[}( Black has only two pieces developed, but the priority is restraint.with chances for both sides Now Black can get his King's-side pieces out. White has no way ofinterrupting Black's development. ... 0-1, 35Q0A~a)V*RckސeOdAha܈# cT[(F.z~u6e\\U>7kz\ʹ}the redeployment: idea Nb8-a6-c5-e4!to stop Black's plan White has had to make concessions on the Q-side? the advance of the QP is threatened and eventually ties up White`Tך$C @FIꢁ?6qהC|vk8C%G† 1eǔ =6s]F? V ׭4]" -}mЋ$ SSص_jv$h- l[4nUgl:Iʨ(_"Z[䔰}B(;\`SVu4Ƚ!?! over-optimistic?vV܋渝?6bbsVe^F 1)3: Dj2, I |ܕ?ΎZqoiVG/5;oۖOyHXJ"@.:L݈i қ[s It's messy, but White has hopes of getting through on the b1-h7 diagonal.`o'.͆4;$#fKtUG_x5'=CSn* ˈԏk{" -%6?'k:.65)2(B White's monster centre must be restrained or blockaded.An illustrative line:jP [ʹ$}Sb|\HP򹚟1&O}1Mԟ;qUz= vPKF(5Xznm8 HViYu.R~mì q -w[ here's one of the best defensive combinations of recent years: Blackexposes the e-pawn but also his own d-pawn to attack. and the weakness of the back rank means Black gets his material back`Q׎ $-稕8~NsqVtpRq8Wٮ9lUr%Q3y Ftl̰~* CW$`kZRLPL9'G$ed-~ۉ( .Gkq o8e]T]?F& 6?Gn{ԡm 1k\%L8L0:nbfĦh*iQH&X<(Jxxͧ Black is bobbing and weaving and White hasn't landed a haymaker yet. White pushes his luck with this natural move.White has a pawn... and a huge development problem.Probably not best.;)݂2s$o`RvIGV}?15J+* hX):y(K\[J'vwfE"4 49TG^G(TbY" "STarrasch has one of his simple advantages. A characteristic Lasker spuddle.Will that Rook get stuck? Looks good but is playing Lasker's game.Black took the risks hoping for just such an opportunity. It's like saying:come for a waltz on the clifftop, and I'll start nearer the cliff, but I betyou fall before I do!4`3+,+m)3):h$&.%`3`%024`/.%!4#;Eqnýa ; c\`^#%?hߺg5d@)R.  ] p+vWYU>3n鴌.t@;OlD$Ir+  Aniܳd {[F?+-White is winning - he can complete development, play O-O-O and attack by f3,or get the Ne2 to b3 and play Na5xb7. So Black goes all out for attack - the right idea, although White rides the storm.nice little move, because Black must keep the option of opening the f-file,and therefore must allow White the h-filewith b7 and Rb6 to follow Black has a terrific attack but White can make concessions on the K-side aslong as he keeps exchanging down to the ending, when the b-pawn will winthreat Ne7+keeping lines under control echanging attacking pieces, keeping lines under control+-preparing for a bit of a tidy-up using the h-fileexchanging to an endgamewhite must Queen the b-pawn`'T2|zk볰G S4 a8q܉* KXNj?wg(Tnǀ2oAV ^ White went on to win: the 'bad' Bishop has a fine diagonal and the Knighthas no good squares.`l:: tӁ2O/HZ]@⢵փϘYhk1RV(Z㵙: Mz"1U2Uon6G. mg{5(İ)T&@㎤`\="Discuss..."prevents c4White's King's-side counterplay is not enough: -+ Atkinson-Cooke 1965 Black wins with a Queen's-side advance: the Bishop is very bad and theKnight holds sway on both sides of the board._Z9\|:oLO[Oˈԏ89s# ыłqzefs e16cy']k2glrlci3#xƪn2h꧿nmakes good use of the Queen on d3and Black has achieved a favourable blockade White's Bishop still has some problems, and the struggle for dominance bythe minor pieces is still determined by the pawn structure, the legacy ofthe exchange on c3. Dynamic equality: Black's knights have achieved favourable outposts butBlack has not enough play on the Queen's-side for a win, given the backwardc-pawn and strong White Knight._Uא(.?h$Sd\awMFs7'# G#kZYֳjΛ$o! gM& uGbnյ雝7q8!}vgt3R+F 籛60dݔ{h"7G/ Kǁ; J|ˀ R0X*FcdsM,B8,,/y؏Ƚ;T7ǓUʔgDb/2;Bqd[-(ʅPwO{K0%H d B⽯,ΏzyrQN # FtˋKD-ŚHhLBP%2.K{tÃÒ( Lane )( 8...Nd4 portisch )( 9 Bxf4, 0-0; 10 Qd2 portisch )= bilek-evans 1968+= bco= bastian-ribli 81?? ( black to play and win )( looks better than 18 c3!? Qxc3 19 Qb2 but fails to ...)??( I hadn't noticed that this stopped the mate on f7 when playing move 20 )( Draw agreed after tea: I had only 15 minutes to make move 40. I did thinkwhite might be better ( 2B + central control ) although ...Nd4 can't be met byBxd4. To make use of the Pg6 I'd have to exchange at least queens +/- BB/RR )a^Ɯ 0sՏv(/7R 6@Mnj>1܂[{uq32 wM M}͔*vP+5!ґ5D38 Eeɗa*4Dfs׌UJ`B >]xяV<> Vz̜ If only soneone had tapped me on the shoulder here and said "White to playand win"k ϢKW8 Y.3p*T߆7i7ړIQ/YY.3zo 0FsvնI-m]T'J2Hrmݿq>tMJ2:/ Zthت>fJ[#69Ku٨p> Black to play. White has one important threat......which I missed. Examine every check or capture!(?) 45...Kh5!k]4aHhl$1;XTyƗ2*FGV^y~F ]7 y)8$ @ Lklw\^?Ա^]l`1Β|bm_.\70"ojя This is not knowing your openings and not looking for pitfalls.was the only variation I knewLooks good...a㞮՜]ϸ6yWqpRFԕ:oYEMf'᥶FM]4.r3?.L*8YeՔ݋>ˁRHr^ڙ3/Կ>T)z {)/ȑHaGhx]-}Ih|ʁĝCrw\UQ\݃&ԟKoxcHZ:;=Z{q(?)(!) ( now I thought I was winning )(?) ( I could see the end from here but unfortunately there's a hole in it...)( after the game I thought this was better but it's not very convincing...maybe 15 fxg6, fxg6; 16 Rf2 was the right way to proceed, Charlie suggested )( another Charles suggestion )( ...Qg7 loses the Na7 )( holds? Rf7,Kxf7 is a draw! )( ...Rxb2?; Nd5, Qg7; Qg5! picks up a piece )( yes, very good but unfortunately 19...exf4; 20 Rxf4, g5! gets at least adraw! 20 Nxf4 also fails to 20...g5 )( the slow way may be better )( threats Bh3/Nh3; if ...Qe8; Nf3 (idea Ng5, eg. ...Qf8; Ng5, Qxh6; Nxf7++) )a]럎eà_2 r/mڕ>OLAvv>neUJdܑ;. dztpbnl_r ~v gkvCpGxDrqnkpkcap!s {A}+c_l ylbjssmtrying a bit hardwins a pawn?+-and black's flag fella@ׯƱ e ] #7x/l#OD\D|?wp6SlĀ݉4. T}޻P TI"gW gt VCCGa#ALB9 BJɻWK+ -...when it's all a bit tricky!aAo Ʊ eϹ=oXq.5pO}/N\GtjPa= "";1VbњT8 L~dgBB= % v} T1ߐz`ttY˅&7 ]"o ׁWiqYȇ9." \@pԐ*}malmost any other set-up would retain more tension Provoking a combination I thought unsound. I thought this must favour the R+B+N but I didn't get anywhere with it.perhaps hastyhasty?great movedraw agreed !פ9-x_|*F{0I(YJoۆ 0eƊWdik2BKV*[E3a=)no)8z]VO8Pz> f comment )peNkM'~1vƎm4Q @BH U6<\ D΋\PY the spectators became restless after this move...extraordinary`'n阙v4Rf JPɆcXߒ`3機0xlmb;T@PZ AQJLZCכ # ^D=#S˾GA Black has one big trump, the long White diagonal. All White needs to do isnot get casual...after the game they even suggested this move, but that's probably unnecessary.?!=and e4 too latehow sad-֖]81Sz8G܉'ow4S Fty[q.Ԙ&} 1{_so- iwPYp&/{YWu/ Well, 10...Nb6 is better but this is not crucial.What is crucial is that already on move 10 Black is starting to drift, so that we can see the real mistake wasn't 10...O-O but 3...dxe4. White has a promising position which he skilfully exploits.8Q֝?Ra2n E +6Ɠ9vi ڐ0o}bb 51.2>,ʥ.&-/H$ɼ/ "We have not attached question marks to Black's moves, since what is wrong here is not a specific move but a whole concept: Black has been operatingunder the impression that he holds the initiative and that White is defending"resignsQXP<5R{ 'N ol旹~-9s&g)5l" k7P6j˸al q?$nl Black now initiates a series of exchanges which leave White dominating theboard.covers d5, attcks e4 and threatens ...Ng4better, but still very difficult for Black - e.g. 1-0$tD|l#n6 f݊&ٔr5mZ@\_W" d.?mL,U>s8~R] .instead of putting up resistance in a worse, but tolerable position, I ...stepped into the lions mouth... "perhaps I'll mix him up".I recall how, during the game, I could not concentrate. Thoughts of victorydistracted me from calculating the variations and prevented me from engrossingmyself in the game. "I wish it was over"... inducing me to let fly.. #Q.7C%YP᪢Ҋ'1dbcp$TL#WLIɥBxe#v.DƫfyV>慆4CЦc dV2隊2OҢjlA%䁄*_ũa f@)Keres obviously considered this strongest. This sort of restraint shows realcourage. Subsequently he worked out a system with 3...g6 ? one slow move too manylooked too sharp for White! Black gains the initiative by simple meansproperly modest - Black was satisfied going for a small plustrying too hardand White wins! a typical IQP/bad bishop vs. good knight position with chances for Black.White could have improved his play later but went down in time trouble.last round with keres having lost his previous game, and has been caught by tolush and aronin. In this game Keres plays with great objectivity and determination, and wins. 4$֗ M&Ebg.I hLWmj)M 6K~w)IdK,sŊlE JDІJYݜ U}ǏjWєQF+˃[KJ[+3du-ڔ2_Õ>Pp, It's not obvious how White can break through, but Black's next move issimply reckless??to stop ...Qc5 probably the worst choice; either 28...Rd8 or 28...Qb6 would have been betterand the Knight escapes with the better position ,')/)lm//l`:2#`:i2/3`!,.`/7.!7.'- {gG,ʟ:MԪ` zD/刑lް^:걱Q.wEb>=0 bg1L߾|tO* )SBWhite has a plus. Sometimes 'natural' moves suffice, but against able anddetermined defence the attack may need to be pursued along a tightrope of onlymoves. 18 g4! first then f4 would have been more incisive, if more risky."Backing up for a running jump... the initiative has passed to Black."BRONSTEINthreats ...Rc4 and ...exf4/...Bxc3"It is because of such one-move threats that all of White's advantage hasevaporated." BRONSTEIN "It is not enough to be a good player, you must also play well."Tarrasch used to say that the hardest thing to win was a won game. Actually,the hardest game to win is a lost game, but anyway...PՍ0Rd2IG͈҇ 9:ȃ䫀k;yo`UvHIS J9 0w8@ZS1w`OY`L 7?gJpNu4y "White has no plan... you might have been able to play like that yearsago... there is no better way of getting into a cramped and passive positionthan thinking of development alone" -- BOTVINNIK! bravely abandoning the long diagonal White has conceded the centre, hoping to attack the hanging pawns, but withpoorly-posted White pieces and well-posted Black pieces it is no wonder thatBlack is able to convert his space and mobility into a decisive attack.White's pieces present a sorry picture.n[,2%m03+l,.232/3`%!)')``/)!)'034/ tq ڨ.^@aoѻ6H܈E!gi2ʑ3pQ(=QxĠ/US- w ǵtY?Bcq!(F~ Which way do you jump? Does it matter?One of those little accidental possibilities of the chessboard.p$yEi͊aE dLx0)D!Eejɀly۟wd߹q`$>Fg+4rr-c Have a go at analysing this from Black's point of view.analysing, Black thought the R was still on f8, forcingwhich White wonPf`; ׹(뾛[j&.sЕaOMNJ|`%o0T7&)V r׷$JS Aγ??with h7 protectedՕ%Ff>0? KUcThis is a bridge too far. It's natural and tempting but needs analysingconcretely: I don't know if White was short of time or just missed thedefences, or if he couldn't see the 'quiet' Qg4.! when Black cannot organise a defense against Nxg6 and e5is better, butand White has run out of steam We'll try this one step at a time. Analyse this for White.&``c0  R֓ mU4#Wꇟ"+q~cq%HV4$MՁ7x6׈Qskgv)t(0 ufӨ;UM-xW٭,[x:bdӳ҃J ،wnâ?BM=t]?T\%0- &7^p"...Horrible as White's Pawn structure may be, Black can't exploit it becausehe'll be unable to develop his King's-side normally. It's the little quirkslike this that could make life difficult for a chess machine."+/-I u:qkt'bi*+pm*-j|x'kd9+ld=;8n*'zj!+pm*,i5ӊ^U {58a~.)|y8Dܬ{i1+Hz3C,|7ul/?cx,*2탫;|)mb a,qm q|8h,2o4%f>&lU u<ڸ\& Gkz~[݁n+ @?LS{Q|[ $I|<$c{HQl{['JQӜ JP Two !?s sometimes add up to a ?, sometimes a ! Robatsch's ideas have a hardcoming-out here."Horrible, but Black must keep the h-file closed"|t*)n1 /iEpL$ X|v2=6S$À;)wVfdCg 1v>t o8L\싱?vT$ȆuߢO 9l;EG񚲲cM 6#)qFC,gY? ]dO ˦)Jp&?3kvg/vHROК[2?ʀL}t68JF-JrOa U퀚 ?Pb^m 5O{hcommentjױo=?DwPTn2al+zGSO})qdؘ!w~_!NN.>{lTݏL) }%AQTj'roI'*~$YQRi7lv commentj6k_.-츖8F#N^՚9vޱ&/K72p)bow] Mh[ 4|RJ|36|6UF_>hz{>vi6%[Ia3% &W[: g@E?@E?!@E comments@Eis insufficient@E @Eoffers only nebulous compensationdQ֌) 1):zف,AXal4u]>̛&,[ҠN- 46/157 f4 d2-c4c6 vvϱcomment = Robatsch-Padevsky, Amsterdam 1972@Eg%ץ;.lm/43( h%+!)`,3/3&/`/..z324' Z(&Hȿp x'AȻaaa*Ä,E˧L _:枉<_tw comments  ,'l$3GŌyyludNzP@$v>?Z Oxy"mֶilȗ꺘 :[:g퀾oN% CYV%Η<[:D'HyJm)eղ3W1QhaWc1Ӣ?ZoL{[=hxQa6к Black stands worse, as he is less well-placed to carry out the ...f5 break than White is to carry out an advance on the Q-side. This game is nottotally straightforward as Black's attack cannot be ignored, but the themeis there.? but this is not good when the e-pawn will fall. Not an attacking move as such but a move to get things on that sideresolved before turning his attention to the Queen's-side.when the Q-file, long diagonal and d5 outpost all become too hot for Black tohandle.now Black is stuck on the K-side, White returns to the Q-side was better, but not ...Ra7; fxe5, dxe5; Nxe5Black must do something, and while the White R is over the other side is asgood a time as any - if not, White wins by Ra7, c5, etc.!?when Black is in all sorts of trouble.with winning advantageyfl0)2\ K额ϰ;!~הd}dg$(V$F Ÿ< _܂2+"G5K㢆ǁ ~TW:M/-JxkѿHh:zPS6P+%&n[d8J Each side has their own private arena for action.The real Grandmaster touch.It's easy to see the appeal of the KID after such a game.ed{T_P"~*"xafsQ^ @~5c8?C+tSH˅˜ 4~&WK_p(gJES-Y^@\{?dH= #Uis the line these days The majestic pawn advances we have seen before are pre-empted by theoutbreak of a dogfight between the pieces. Black's King's-side chances now materialise.(a vacating sacrifice)a]k004/).9#4!,3/3)` ztm`%,`m)%,'43n pI1j]IG!nJuH(W+aFWS$y ,b5u= ӷJUQqm  Among its other points is the temptation of the K-side pawns. Exchanging off the good Bishop. Black's natural break with ...f5 willleave White a fine outpost on e4.?gives Black some dark sqaures to chew on. The Knights look pretty but are lonely. Petrosian, as always, mops up anyhint of pressure.b3,Nc4,Nb5 No rush - Black's position has weaknesses without compensating counterplay.The f-pawn and Bg7 look pretty sick, and White can also think about acampaign against d6. Black should sit tight and wait for White to commit toa plan......but not give up a pawn for nothing. It's amazing how many of Petrosian'sopponents crack under the strain of watching Petrosian quietly improve hisposition while they have no play (see Fischer's comments in M60MG). The position is a testament to the success of the white-square campaign. Yh%z4,ƞ?FHhuSCBȆ͒kpݱ{KLȀ⯚%b)lo[XRc> /_T gv3ˑ(vym-g3Ŗ-J\e߳ White looks to have powerful pressure against the exposed Black pawns.Startling!(the point) when Black's coup has yielded a stranglehold over the Black squares.'7dbOR f$ O#~I<:[9N EZ0 n{-ꉕήWKJ ?ROh#(=4cBR4$/qNGp3)~N]nLooks like it gives up the centre, and the dark squares like e5. But Capahas seen a little further... Can the e-Pawn be tempted to e6? Yes, if theQueen is distracted from the defence of d5... White has good prospects against the central pawns and dark squares.Pfleger and Treppner comment that the player who can conceive of such a plan at #7 has probably achieved all that can be achieved in the opening. We now see a cute knight wheel. White's campaign against the dark squarescan still be seen on the board. Black has blockaded the b-pawn. White may be able to force the b-pawnthrough in time but there is also play to be had on the King's-side.dark squares again!(impatient, but Black was being strangled)2dbk(- $kjkhRIKhY:"{AL>Lj7؅’8pб'& ш̗ⷔ 5]ojܦ3I)O'.W"KrrμI`"O\"P`5{L9Fr6- F4c\OzM'/8JtϬo >\-0uwM.X',DkfS4ݍOliyI++8=F jԊ already planning a campaign against the e-pawn using the long light-squareddiagonal, especially the point e4[the e-pawn is doomed]with a winning attack[the Knight is an excellent blockading piece, losing no squares by its post]! "A typical tacking manoeuvre" -- EUWE/KRAMER[Black plays on both wings][Black will open a file on the Queen's-side for his Rooks]! [a temporary pawn sacrifice]and Black not only regains the pawn, but White has lost the blockader[White must not be allowed counterplay, particularly not a Rook on the eighth] the Black Rook now gets in on the Queen's-side, to attack Pawns on theKing's-side White can no longer defend the two wings[-/+]&1f&Y ;4Ou qf=0yf< yl=ʹ,}fq-m~*&8a<8w{1hoa,$yq=-yc CEHDHW EOW=Ի^&O O ڻ@< #WۃXG WG KI; A]A[D€ IKZOljJODY? exposes the c-pawnwith the same weak Pawns for White as in the game, but with Bishops off White has got rid of a passive piece and has chances against the Black King.again, White would have benefitted from the exchange of Bishopsthe light squares c4 and d5 form staging posts for Black's manoeuvresBlack seeks to force or tempt a2-a3!! FritzBlack will recycle the Rooks to a4 and a6[else ...b4][no rush: Black chivvies another White pawn onto a dark square][the Black King covers b5 and threatens ...Rca4] this is Black's ideal position: is there a win?! [threat ...h4]is terminal[finally the a-pawn falls]6d*in#DVhbd9h: ^ΉABX彿?dG][ !| the Anti-Stonewall formation: White has a Queen's-side initiativeseeking exchanges......but not finding thema gesture only  Black is defending the Queen's-side quite well: White switches tack. Thisis the key to understanding space - although Black can theoretically defendany one point, White can make the Black pieces trip up in their rush to do so. White has the initiative on both sides of the board: Black's cramped andpassive pieces will find it hard to cover everything Just when Black has had to cover the h-file......White opens a file on the Q-side. Black's pieces have to rush back, butget in a tangle because they have so few squares. a sad decision: now Black won't be able to oppose rooks on the a-file. Thisis the concrete manifestation of what I described earlier: White switching thefocus of activity from side to side until Black is wrong-footed.White spends a little time wondering where to put his King; he has the luxuryof seeing how it looks on a few squares before the final push. the last ingredient for the breakthrough is the Knight Ready or not, here we comeelse the a-pawn will simply go after Nb3 this 'family' fork is decisive4O#ӽKSˏg\߲$.ꫜ?;!H`U`Z \t.1$MTx1 _Ԍ֗9p '4P״xfZ)拋4gK vk%Ćn}dG/,I߈w}M"耍(\֧iiX<8Wӷi{D<䗆2Cȩr{H>2CȩrQ N%oɏp.D )T=geSb0Y-haR=;_ۻk2164V.j J@,a0BҪg `J After the coming exchange a long period of manoeuvring begins - Euwe asks,quite reasonably, whether in fact the phase is really manoeuvring or merewoodshifting. Drawish? Yes, but White has enough difficulties that Black is justified inplaying on.according to Nimzovotch, to make a7 available as a refuge for the King![tomorrow will do]["Black can do very much as he pleases, but for the time being there issimply no serious threat to be made. This game exemplifies the fact thatmanoeuvring amounts to a form of the initiative."][Black has weaknesses to aim at on g3 and e3, and the King is on the way toa7 which White cannot prevent]enables ...Kc7 Black is making progress, although the two backward pawns e3/g3 are closeenough together to defend easily.[else ...f4!][now threatening ...g5 and ...h4]?White feared:with attacking chances, but afterthe onus is quite on Black[Now the White Queen dare not move, the end is in sight][forcing the exchange]b0w2z6 iȅ=+Z xmJ>䴲J M+7>smIDHyj9=) -ȉu-Bcy45ьV`ap_Q>1*?@+Zԑ⼧+dNJbg~U W+&=G@DtljO)1JtOyohV=-O(Ӓ-.2ix,7߃\Ś-DL~)89.">n.F[D?MHbO.D1/:A y}Y-4-Ɨe ˃ij {̚)A }fxD2(5x}_rφ4&'7stfy-k/* 9U)j[4K~{obZ,:ԡ "mw܋F+'dלqvC߉#5!CiҀ1ˁYqh{TI?,!][F6,?ĂunB( I knew a game of portisch's which I had in mind throughout: it went ... )( new for me this season: I played the e3/Nge2/d4 plan for years but recentlyfancied this, which looked more enterprising )( black had a lot of choice at this point: ...e5/...c6/etc. )!was seirawan-vukic 1979 given in povah's book: best play for both sides?( ?! in the books )?! ( 10...Nc7 is natural; 10...a5 invites 11 Bxd4, cxd4; 12 Nb5 )(gurevich-sturua 1981)( or ...Qc7,b3 with Nb5/Nd5 )with weak pawns to go at - povah! ( in the books )! TN - threatens c4 and e3 via g4+- and black is in trouble: barcza-szilagyi 1967( this I thought must be the logical plan for black, to break up the bind )( transposing to a hedgehog formation looks better than szilagyi's setup )( stopping the ...Ng4 lines seemed sensible, especially since last move theywere possible. The knights now need to get out of the way of the pawn roller)could be played: afterthe hole on e5 is too glaring [!( looks slow and a bit aimless with hindsight )( now I thought I was on the right lines: turn that space into attack, as inthe portisch game )( I would have preferred ...a6 )( I don't know where this is going yet, unless black can be obliged ortempted to take on f5 eventually - if not the Ng3 and Bg2 are very passive )( ! I now wanted the wN back on e2 )( this isn't really necessary [ 19...a4; 20 b4 looked good ] but I thoughtwas justified psychologically - what is black's plan now ? the realchallenge of course is to find white's plan! The wQ is badly tied to b3 andd3 )( this was better I thought afterwards )( Nicely ambiguous [ ideas of Qd2 or Rd2 ] but d3 is now more tender )( I'm obviously entertaining pushing f4-f5-f6 )( not f5 yet )( adds to pressure but locks in Bc6 )( It's starting to get hard for me to find a plan which doesn't involve f5but Black can play ...e6 and build up nicely now. I had some fun with 23 f5and 24 Nh5 in analysis which was all bluff but looked worth starting )( doesn't threaten f6 yet (...Bxd5; fxg7, Bxe4) but does stop ...e6 and I canstart to build up myself, I think )( I looked at ...Bxd5 and ...Be5 in analysis but this looked most solid. If...e6 white can afford ...exd5 because exd5 wins the Bc6 )( 24 f6 simply takes a good square away from the knight. Now I have morerealistic-looking threats but I must say by this stage I thought it was allstarting to slip away )( I now entered a short sequence of moves which I thought were most solidand maintained a space advantage despite exchanges )( the two bishops are no real advantage here as the Bg2 is inactive )( else Qf1,Bg7 will threaten ...Nf3+ and ...Bxd4 )( both sides have consolidated after some white initiative and I thoughtwe're now in for a phase of manoeuvring )( did I say manoeuvring? this sacrifice I don't think can be accepted butafter declining by eg. ...Rbe8 I don't know where White is going )( obviously not 32...dxc5; 33 d6 )( This move cheered me up a little; I felt I had some chances for theinitiative )( again 33...Rbd8 looks better and now 34 Ne4 doesn't even threaten d6 )( is the same as on move #32 )( idea d6 again )( I wondered if ...Kh8 was better. I would have played ...Bxf6 myself,though, since all the endgame trumps are Black's: N vs. bad B, 3 vs 2 on theK-side while Black's 3 hold White's 4 on the Q-side. Still, after ...Bxf6 Iexplored:( better might be ...Nd7 or ...Qb4 or ...h5 as game: I favoured ...Nd7)...which is plausible if optimistic)( I admit I analysed this only after sending off my last move - I concluded Ihad some chances of a combinative breakthrough on the K-side but thiscouldn't be forced, and I became slightly less alarmed about possibleendgames )( I couldn't see a way of winning after what I thought was the best line,...Qb4, but I didn't have to lose either. White can try to contrive a leverwith Bh3, Qg5 and now Bf5, but ...Qb4 & ...Rg8 (forces Kh1) slows or stopsit)( this line I examined most closely; there are several good Q+R endings forWhite after the exchange but the wK is terribly exposed )( this tack peters out because of the active bQ and weak Pb3 )( threat Bxh5 )( I thought at the time, not as strong as ...Qb4, but realised it's trickier)( and now the crucial line, which I thought would be played, is:- )( I analysed a win after this. As 39...Nd7 fails to 40 Re7 I think Blackshould admit the error by 39...Qb8 with fair chances of holding the blockade)( I spent a long time looking at 40 Bxg4 to get rid of the dud bishop anddangerous knight but 40...Rxe4 is an annoying intermezzo; 40 Rxe8,Rxe8; 41Re7 I decided wasn't as strong as the game: 41...Rf8; 42 Qxd6 allows42...Qf5 )( Black could let the pawn go but ...Kg8 risks mate after Bxg4 and Qh6 )( 41...Rd7; 42 Bxg4, hxg4; 43 h5, Rxe7; 44 fxe7 wins but 43...Qc7; 44 hxg6++)! ( 43...gxh5; 44 Qg5 mates and others allow 44 hxg6+ with mating attack;43...Rg8 abandons the Pf7 )( white still can't do without this, so it transposes )!?( or ...Rc8 )( if the knight moves don't work this is probably best )( I was most interested in this line to stop Qh6 for once and for all: Ianalysed optimistically... )( not forced by any means )( now ...Ng4 loses to Re7 )( unfortunately there is now no mate or win of a rook after 43 Rg3, Kg8; 44Bxg6, fxg6; 45 Rxe5+= and in fact 43 Qxh5+ loses the pawn straight back to43 ...Kg8; 44 Qe2 (not Qg5,Rh5 -+) 44...Qd8; 45 Bh3, Qxf6 )( keeping pawns intact for the ending )( I immediately thought this was too resigned )( mates in six )( I sent some analysis showing a win after ...)( 43 Rxe5 is more forcing and does mate in 5; after this Fritz threw in...Qc8 which stops the mate! )( 45...fxg6; 46 Qxg6 # )!_f^x'٩ E'3!9 !/52.`.#5`,9`0#2-c`/1!` "˖0ڟZdyu˚9%B qkr՝-ǕLchyT[->/,v$D+ܐYHW˔7%@|.ׁLb~|Mb$'\f}$(- JspMb8:[j؛&ىU|{k֍L>)1Cgwith hindsight, hastyan extra strengthening move couldn't have hurt=+zugzwang!the plan is to secure the King first and stop Black coordinating Rooks+-drawsiݗm#V|3}bUЎbh6@&^Zb;g0Y߇,h7m辴c&2oe=ez<<ǿH)-c%r!b9Sk0y籪w3w氻z9we*f,i/yh99y頣~)8l, s?)h㤵b*nγwH4`17,I6!lି˽.L0\u>:}Su>5yl Black's centre is under pressure. Bob thought exchanging rooks was better. The exchanges have left Blackfacing pressure against Pawns on both sides of the board (g5,b7)@E= Fritz@E=+The light squares are weaker than the dark.- lay unnoticed until 1992!aۢצ Z}7" V[Fb*_DGɀ͆kpݱ%#K ꪇqlun0=d\Gv/)6;wXL~4 hBi+ fXXo5v)VIi8LzI+x]_|V噣xR:Kh1 transposes to gamebmȜ酅 }[ .@Da?k|SЍns0ꍖȮW /N@a(>) ~{Τ=V$iyƘ+wJSbՒOL#W1أBN)ƞuwڴ$TkmŲ P{ͧ#Hlidea ...c5winning (variously threatens Bxc8/Bh7+ & Qxf7)k:@߶Vv2oƍ&ZOEf8B҇'lѱ%8QYݐ䬇9;fsd0  mkHW3Ĭ8L;hrkV4xaQG%\D܁kv2 cU҈-a4P"qHឰw.mwUy"Q1&E2E/rYc;!B[too early][doesn't look quite right here] Black has only defensive plans available - White tries to keep it that way. White probes on each side.[I'm not sure who this exchange favours - I thought White at the time] White doesn't quite know what to do with the Queen's side...Tacking about from side to side is the hallmark of manoeuvreBlack manfully gives up a Pawn but White has been looking to get in on thelight squares...1-0: idea was 44 Nd7+ & 45 Qg6 mate; 43 ... Qe7; 44 h4! (Black said he wasrelieved when it all ended!)+-Ӛ>l4/).3(2!/52.z!-$2`!42/42:)4:AH8ehɵ)@'zrS~=Hnd ڵYͥRvqȰ3apP>Sw !4ArȲn4K8:R`oݼ&Py~=pݽr]0 Ra#H 9֕pU25[`hM"V 7xy^5ׇ{>Rwo!ҏ 7sjKP+bͽ+Jв }I:Dr3ۑu۶(CS<=Rqwȷ)SS7{ߣ7[r3wֺ6X͹A{;QmX>2-ۢ+_W3Ssqվ?SxW3T"Petrosian... plays for control of the centre squares." (Fischer). "Forcing the exchange of Black's most active piece."and ...h4 gets rid of the isolated pawn."Black doesn't get a second chance."! Fischer "White constantly finds ways to improve his position." Lg6 "Heading for an even stronger outpost on d4. Each time Petrosian achieveda good position, he managed to manoeuvre into a better one." "Feigning an invasion with Bh5, Re1 and Ne6. White has two wings tooperate on...""Panicking and giving him the opportunity to sneak in b4 when Black can'treact with ...axb4 and ...Ra8. Petrosian likes to play cat-and-mouse,hoping his opponents will go wrong in the absence of a direct threat..theyusually do Tb7 Tb7 "White has finally achieved his ideal set-up, but Black's game is stilltenable." "This Pawn sac caught me completely by surprise. It's the only line that gives Black any trouble."?Petrosian,Twins Txg7- petrosian-fischer, portoroz/planning: manoeuvring 1958c.?tDbh6s? ^߀4GVZf.ﶔ˭F)7];On E6Z7.qxW7vĜ!8J{U| &}LE#M43ThZηx 4mSZ8*/DzqӥM3 UE.T4/Kmtݧe <eIY+S- `>F^[o1{kK- -|4TJRh0 Where can White find a winning plan of campaign?when neither a mating attack nor a passed Pawn seems likely. White has regained his extra material and should be able to get a win ontechnique.keeps the Queen's-side Pawns vulnerable (Adjourned: how can the White King effect an entry?) Nearly zugzwang!f-_Z|6-[Ey[෩GCȜ&0,( ˂귐4!)R!A     Black still has drawing chances.when Black should draw but should not rush withdUf_ֺHMX--8Q-HHg ^Eg9?3 ȗ=;`ncUrX AE1 YuZdBcOn[nB[Rz@r]yh]msNZnHxk{Im_^Cc`kTH_T|YVElocFuE[lRrH|\q7Em7yhH^}TwmZtbqK}qJt^bOwJvKa_nSnA{FoVKo[^aN`NnIkIoKmMnYDyNaM`L`GhEbNunnNunnTimmanelse the Knight comes to f4, winningWhite is getting sortedwith a blockadeTime-control now the Knight is passive"a groundless winning attempt"was intended, but a miracle has occurred  ф85% 他#o)+X^|WUPe{b]Sb8GRӃkoÕ 7ђXyy^LB>;/Tquˈ ĜbK~kCQ3%.orԟ%Lj_i~qRH#+= N jڊJ8Ȑ_}"so I chopped it off!" - RJFconceding ("throwing away" - RJF) a pawn in order to try and keep Black tiedup Black is sorted out and can plan the win. The Queen in an open position,with play on both wings, is a monster. Black soon obtains a passed Pawn andplay against the exposed King."Bzzzt! Game over, thank you for playing..."e,5Z1Uy1tHPv)U񮝝8X  -(1 =#$6+13!" In this open position the Queen is boss and White wins quickly by directattack.`\פ jg6&4L9 wd=;sqt#8 )8k0ݵ)lm*!uj9-"(  )an6#@z4:o~8,gy?A{*?xq@z='mn$26is0,ov2#an;%jy/- A simple case: an exchange for extra passed Pawnsؠr}:#a(:8 ˡ w|.#8Ex+wx)lm*!uj9-"(  [$"'BIGs'vyW/ 3S8HFM,ekONlg#`Grn8I4eYd=-8I4,}zx*}z?谸)lm*!uj9-"(  zj_C49!Hzޅ5̈WhjiP,J28-]ȳ R8ςIajyTJ:5;?ʯvì>~qpg^ V,?%Dw͞*ޚQnfoD[>("Ki݂ Black has great play on the dark squares, especially c5, and a protectedpassed Pawn. Additionally, the White Pawns at a4 and c4 are targets.A good bid for counterplay: the Rooks need open lines and the Pawn wasblocking the Bishop. However, the Black Queen's-side Pawns now become verydangerous. The return of the exchange has given White some play......but this ushers in a new phase of the game: Alekhine has the initiative,and there is no more dangerous prospect for a player!6ڀ4 dٛJE2IևSI̍YXAՊYMȪNH6ޓ>G#4krGHvح#@ޒO'P27~Mg'fZ3 p t?cooperativee.g.limiting White's counterplaywinningalso wins for Black (Tarrasch), but why bother?`b n c ]Ae2 ˵~%D@ey9񳼯jFޛ&x -KłqI)u!idZ)랍7EؾffC)g}\2pH&DS퇊v(Eǻa,}HU/2O/qiO3g3[׼wd>Tplaying for the win An imbalance of the exchange is overlaid with a fascinating battle betweenpassed d-Pawns.r֞N o/7~dV^Bh|m==FyƋ݈0*T /Axŵ j!k\i[9Aώ;ogx۰`<{ԏL%K1DƩ9f (k@^you aren't going to beat World Champion Karpov this way... nothing flashy, but Karpov already has an edge leaves White's pawns split and vulnerableKarpov strikes when necessary Karpov has judged everything calmly!rݕ+$r+lޞ` VX/v8~7W~ֆ:uLDMzi]WU(/t efa|yzd njj0}\4n[0~1Qb jftsZ}VXZ8nU1ِeS~j8ou j e mcU a good messy gambita good way of confusing the issuekeeping things togetheranother good stabilising move?best?+- but not very clearwith strong attackgreat moveEstevez kept coming up with active ideas every time Polu seemed to be gettingthings under control. Even if he lost, he would have gone down fighting!s׬ E1i{p~ۃ(VRѹ]||4u0Hj׎,uPC^vlAE  B^т4NM*V@4RWҁ]ڔYF+w.H G6X@ɋ0Pg The crowd must have been baying for...׺a$DL҃~b>Ņbu{5I?A[Ӈ(bfއ DQ ΋AAZN؜GB֘ J@ōAW͈^P ɀ HMř_AՈRZ Patient pressure yields a pawn.}咪 X*Mg)ߞ%D)Pivȅ!C#,w؝ ք^ * xl?-A,wqEsioKZGaO`JeqY`tO{Fwh~U{IodBfipdYd Black's next turns a difficult game into a positionally lost one. Perhapsonly Botvinnik could show so clearly why it's lost. White's next is a tactically sharp move designed to achieve a positional end- the weakening of another white square (e6). White's bind is absolute.

Black's first bid for freedom...6mB}a2orKhču._Sz`Ե[ W g$t6?Ŏ( @{^fT`'fTs_QK`BLBcBMJRxKNp~'}hnT'vKEvM Black could equalise easily by"...and with the material thus reduced Black would have little difficulty inreaching a draw. But neither would White! With this is mind (Black allows d4) which leads to a more complicated position."!with pressure against the centre"Black, though still preserving a slight initiative, would not have been ableto secure any decisive advantages. ...It is practically impossible nowadaysto force a win with Black against a master... who is content to draw."?"...White would have had a fighting chance"b1!O";ro[Ў+hsH_3D O6{aSЏnu0ꚒM \= ~j]V>򵝆.M*OInd8nZ <:8TbT{v" n_o+* H? (...Nf8)An undistinguished game but a great finish! ( threat Qxe6 )( mate in two )alehine (blindfold) - feldt 1916?! ( hasty )!!?!! ( stops 0-0-0, making Black castle under the K-side majority )Leads to a very sharp attack?! ( better ...Nd7 )!!!!bO@.(~6wԎ!BFX[jw{k>B֖0 [ DOzt󾙇N !._C%|^7ͼ0Q}B o{ ۭ&L_0E:Sa #ٝ]1|T2Q]Xlfվ3ZQ>ûwǴ-^I*jy2GXms?<[ The opposite-coloured bishops mean that White will find it difficult todefend the Queen's-side?! natural but ...Re8 may have been better: the exchange helps White?0-1 matulovic-botvinnik 1970!! White's slow opening did not mean lack of ambition in the centre, and this'retreat' is only to advance with more effect.! Space has been rather abruptly turned into attack: the key is mobility. How to proceed? An attractive finish.17W#Ւ2 $C`vQ'[΋,v?K)(Iozjbۆ+}?Y ?i^j d@Xr&v 1u]\R 5BW4;wPUy%7~^Zu%jM_l!>Z]J.s^Pg3l '|L_ "He should have advanced his K-side pawns at once to counterbalance theadvance of Black on the Q-side. White's inactivity on his stronger wing tookaway all the chances he had of drawing the game." CAPABLANCA!0-1 marshall-capablanca, 1909 Black has the hanging pawns and a bishop to cramp the knights.

Nimzovitch called this "blockaded security"

Now a secure passed pawn White snaps back at the pushy pawn. A finish that expresses Capablanca's elegance more than any other.)?WJo罚ό~b>ЋEfn3H'#Z㻝ʸbA cbٺ)KG6;bd)^֚U. ts='CI(|iƬ+FK|]˹0@M?qr٥+Nu Alekhine plays the Dutch against the best Dutch player - in the Netherlands!Euwe sacrifices a piece for a pawn roller.This game became known as the pearl of Zaandvortb:0z FĪ~ KЍj Qԍˆ~ KЍL͆WIڄ=+i jxaSL3(1 Q hzǞwgYQ/M4"...at worse completely safe. To turn this into a mating position in elevenmore moves is more witchcraft than chess!" -- KIRBYEliminating the defensive bishop rather than snatching at materialAs Byrne resigned, GMs in the press room were still arguing that White waswinning. White resigns.j(M+M)?#lX pՈ)\ dAitŊ+^ dDicwϋ;e- "gޖ0ȯEjKu@X8<)WoeŀO,ɌZyfu_A2:*hƄ9-ΌAv`s{P85;]h͕ 9ڊY}q`Y-W98 + EzП'ܫGeK{]l) >_w܆#ƀKgsqE/T7!! Nunn is one of the most dangerous players around, but he is kept in a webof steel in this game.1-0 karpov-nunn 1983 Black's exposed pawns are given a push. The trouble with having three pawnislands is the same problem plate spinners have: one is easy, two is harder... Black has to let a plate drop.e*׆/y{(d_%>4I6谺ak|!y{(ok(U/U jNº3)sE2ur#BfҳQ: G"2Tk`ܰn+j\;P3Ui, Gw|ĤI;-z[j1}&7^amķ w  Tarrasch has won dozens of games with this setup: better pawns, more space, better bishop...looks like a beginner's error... played by a master. A while ago White's task was easy - now it's not so clear.Opens lines for the attack

A foot in the doorIf ...Be3 was a foot, now Black is shouldering his way in.White's scattered pieces cannot defend.n"3&' 4i[pRڕ=\m /D9y:T~ގ,uڲE[F|iʯF&ezB\Ջ;ŁL~}nIY-9.:oqsK %ҘRdA+&9Quӑ/݌B~~dM\?,#Lnߏ;ɓOrmuRG1%=Q Ot҇5ښ_x|lS Petrosian is a master of chess judo: inviting his opponent forward until hetopples.! In just eight moves Petrosian has tripped and leg-locked his opponent. Thefinish is attractive, and worth noting.petrosian-spassky 1966 Petrosian said before the match that if Botvinnik played this variation hewould lose. Black has only one weakness, but it proves his Achilles heel. White is perfectly coordinated - for attack and defence. Black has gatheredsome crumbs of counterplay but cannot pull his pieces together.Black cannot regroup on the ninth rank so resigns.{Jb75LRd7_Nb֐Ѝ$o, ˏīH$`i ;z^To- 8pRh7M f~Yܖۯ(TJA޶7=="e_Rj2 Black has developed but doesn't seem to have anything in particular to do. The next phase shows White's coordinated pieces collecting a handful of positional trumps.Knight outpost.Open file.Half-open file.

...Ne5 looks more natural, but Black has thoughts of blowing up d5.Diagonal pressure. Smyslov could play anything - slow or quick, and all with elegant technique.Here a slow overture is followed by a sudden burst of tactics.is much the sameThe Rook and pieces together have more oomph than the Queen. Who needs Queens?yտ> X*jeaCѮ= puUv:SXh{0ሖ<[HUj:驫NCڍYqW=?~eۯ#YI5 cՒ*W+ Wc^8TL%n˪"tY޾cTaʑBoth Spassky and Bronstein have added modern interpretations of this oldfavourite. And now an attractive sacrifice (possibly an unnecessary one!)Black has had to return material to organise a defence of f7. The next fourmoves were featured in "From Russia with Love".1-0 spassky-bronstein, leningrad 1960 Larsen is a tireless experimenter: Spassky meets his unorthodox openingwith a straight bat for the moment. Larsen has been a bit too experimental, but the execution is appealinglysharp.Remarkable!閬##cܒX>N/J+wF #cܒX2olvJ f_첝›|  _UTCǘY @VF{^МFW IL=PI In this Romantic age, Staunton was the head of a stern English positionalschool.A neat 'no retreat' combination. The combination has yielded no material but a bind.bCk`%n,I!΁x*OK_Sxt鲧F  .&{2l*H Yq<;T7\1dR6}7~dv4Ձ,F)׺KtB BeU0ʹ%>y1V궇?! ! Andersson admired Morphy, but must have been baffled by Steinitz. ! The first booty@u5dqܼ}=IcFOЄbPsC[#V?s ؽקڐޤפ׾Բղ³ʥרýµݨϺַګ̻ޠƚʯñӸܹsOʻѽӾԣڡԫPO̻ѽҽצԻԮŧPOۻѽӾԦҐǢʑPOӻѽɓ׾ԻծĠPS/1POA/¡Ցy0ڳ߳ͷ0 Black has the threat ...g5. How can White open a file against the King? a5-a6 is met by ...b6; b5-b6 by ...a6. Nunn, playing blindfold here,recalled reading Vukovic, and came up with:Nunn says he nearly played this move, because the position reminded him of aWinawer French when there is a Pawn on c2. Fortunately he analysed a linewith Qe2-b2 when the pawn on c2 vanished and the danger from h7 re-appeared!1-0"I had to resign one move before you had to resign!" -- KORCHNOI